Dynamic distribution of tetracycline and its degradation products in different organs of the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi.

Tetracycline (TC) residues in the environment are harmful to plants and animals; earthworms play an important role in detoxicating tetracycline in the soil. However, the response of different systems of the geophagous earthworm to TC and its degradation products is still not understood well. To understand this problem, Metaphire guillelmi were exposed to the soil contaminated by 100 mg kg tetracycline for 21 days.

How i do it: individualized bypass strategy with tentative clamping method.

Background: Cerebral Revascularization (CR) remained an indispensable arm in the neurosurgical arsenal, especially managing symptomatic hemisphere with misery perfusion (SHMP).

Method: We described an a mid-aged gentleman diagnosed with progressive middle cerebral steno-occlusion following carotid endarterectomy by employing individualized arterial reconstruction with tentative clamping method (TCM) under supervision of intraoperative monitoring. An operative video was also accompanied to demonstrate further details.

Parenchymal Infiltration in Primary Diffuse Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis: Dynamic Changes in Brain MRI.

Primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis (PDLG) is a rare and fatal disease with no special clinical manifestations. Here, we report the dynamic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in a 30-year-old female PDLG patient over a 10-month period. MRI showed aggressive dilation of the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system, numerous encapsulated cysts in the subarachnoid space and the dilated cerebral sulci, diffuse reticulated or focal nodular enhancement in the subarachnoid space, as well as overall enhancement in the cystic walls.

Anatomic study of the anterior skull base via an endoscopic transnasal approach.

Objectives: With rapid advances in endoscopic neurosurgery, it has become possible to treat some lesions located in the anterior skull base through a transnasal approach. This anatomic study was undertaken to describe the area of surgical exposure of the anterior skull base afforded by transnasal approaches with an endoscope, as well as to provide references for clinical practice.

Methods: Thirty bony skull base specimens (all Chinese) were used, and 10 injected adult cadaver heads (all Chinese) were dissected for a simulated endoscopic transnasal approach to the anterior skull base.

Endoscopic transsphenoidal treatment of pituitary adenomas.

Objective: To explore the techniques and methods of endoscopic transnasal transsphenoid surgery for pituitary adenoma.

Method: We treated 678 cases with pituitary adenoma by endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery between May 2000 and May 2006. All cases were operated through a transnasal transsphenoid approach between the nasal septum and middle nasal concha, first to enlarged sphenoid ostium and opened sellar floor with a high-speed drill and then removed the tumor step by step.

[Endoscopic treatment of suprasellar arachnoid cysts].

Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestation and neuroendoscopic techniques in treatment of suprasellar arachnoid cysts.

Methods: Between October 2000 and June 2006, 42 patients (22 male and 20 female with a mean age of 10.4 years) with suprasellar arachnoid cysts were treated by endoscopy.

[Experimental research of myogenic motor evoked potentials to transcranial magnetic stimulation for spinal cord monitoring].

Objective: To evaluate the validity of intraoperative magnetic MEP (motor evoked potentials) monitoring in a spinal-cord-menaced surgery.

Methods: 32 rabbits were employed in weight-drop spinal cord contusion model. After anesthetized with a combination of Ketamine and Droperidol the spinal cords were surgically exposed with the dura intact, and the contusion injuries were delivered except the rabbits in control group.