Strategy evolution on higher-order networks.

Cooperation is key to prosperity in human societies. Population structure is well understood as a catalyst for cooperation, where research has focused on pairwise interactions. But cooperative behaviors are not simply dyadic, and they often involve coordinated behavior in larger groups.

Constructing temporal networks with bursty activity patterns.

Human social interactions tend to vary in intensity over time, whether they are in person or online. Variable rates of interaction in structured populations can be described by networks with the time-varying activity of links and nodes. One of the key statistics to summarize temporal patterns is the inter-event time, namely the duration between successive pairwise interactions.

Evolutionary dynamics on sequential temporal networks.

Population structure is a well-known catalyst for the evolution of cooperation and has traditionally been considered to be static in the course of evolution. Conversely, real-world populations, such as microbiome communities and online social networks, frequently show a progression from tiny, active groups to huge, stable communities, which is insufficient to be captured by constant structures. Here, we propose sequential temporal networks to characterize growing networked populations, and we extend the theory of evolutionary games to these temporal networks with arbitrary structures and growth rules.

Hydrazone chemistry-mediated CRISPR/Cas12a system for bacterial analysis.

In this study, a hydrazone chemistry-mediated clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 12a (Cas12a) system has been proposed for the fist time and constructed. In our system, hydrazone chemistry is designed and employed to accelerate the formation of a whole activation strand by taking advantage of the proximity effect induced by complementary base pairing, thus activating the CRISPR/Cas12a system quickly and efficiently. Moreover, the introduction of hydrazone chemistry can improve the specificity of the CRISPR/Cas12a system, allowing it to effectively distinguish single-base mismatches.

Boronic Ester-Mediated Dual Recognition Coupled with a CRISPR/Cas12a System for Lipopolysaccharide Analysis.

In this work, boronic ester-mediated dual recognition has been coupled with a CRISPR/Cas12a system; thus, a new method for highly specific and sensitive detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is proposed via the simultaneous recognition of boronic acid and an LPS aptamer (LPSA) as well as signal amplification by CRISPR/Cas12a. Specifically, boronic acid-modified magnetic beads (MB@APBA) and aptamers are employed for the simultaneous dual recognition of LPS, while polymerase isotherm amplification is further utilized to induce LPS cycling and form a double strand, which can activate the CRISPR/Cas12a system so as to amplify the signal. Consequently, a linear detection range can be obtained from 0.

DNAzyme-based colorimetric assay and its application for lipopolysaccharide analysis assisted by oxime chemistry.

Herein, for the first time, we propose that the cleavage activity of DNAzyme is accompanied by the release of hydroxyl ions, which can be used for colorimetric assay. Subsequently, we further construct a colorimetric strategy for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) analysis by using this property. Detailly, DNAzyme is split into two fragments separately modified with aldehyde group and hydroxylamine group, which can be linked together through oxime chemistry and the presence of LPS can prevent the formation of oxime bond.

MXene Coupled with CRISPR-Cas12a for Analysis of Endotoxin and Bacteria.

With hydrophilic surface and high density of functional groups, MXene can efficiently adsorb single-stranded DNA to enhance target-induced strand release and quench the fluorescence. Herein, MXene is coupled with CRISPR-Cas12a to sensitively detect LPS and bacteria. Specifically, the aptamer is well designed to initiate the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12a to indiscriminately cleave single-stranded DNA, resulting it to be far away from MXene and the recovery of fluorescence.

Application of Chemoselective Ligation in Biosensing.

With the advantages of mild reaction condition as well as high stereoselectivity and efficiency, chemoselective ligations including oxime chemistry, hydrazone chemistry, cycloaddition reaction, C-C multiple bond addition reaction, nucleophilic rings opening reaction, and alkynes-based reaction, have been applied in the field of biosensing. In this review, the roles of these chemoselective ligations for the construction of biosensors have been summarized. The ligations can serve for reactant preparation, interface modification, signal probe synthesis, molecular recognition, signal amplification, and output.

DNA Nanomachine with Multitentacles for Integral Processing of Nanoparticles and Its Application in Biosensing.

DNA nanomachines developed by DNA nanotechnology, an attractive branch of nanoengineering, have been widely applied in drug delivery, biomarker detection, etc. However, the existing DNA nanomachines are mainly conducted in solution systems and the application of surface-confined DNA nanomachines is limited due to the less variety and lower efficiency than those in a solution. The efficiency is greatly limited due to the fact that the surface-confined substances cannot freely perform the Brownian movement, which is not conducive to performance improvement.

Hydrazone chemistry mediated toehold strand displacement cascade and its application for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural analysis.

Hydrazone chemistry has been firstly explored as capturing mode for interface supported toehold strand displacement cascade (TSDC). The method has been further established for analysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) based on hydrazone chemistry-mediated TSDC. HMF containing aldehyde group can be covalently captured by hydrazine group around magnetic bead through the formation of hydrazone bond, so as to inhibit the immobilization of hybrid duplex and the occurrence of TSDC.

Fabrication of pH-Adjusted Boronic Acid-Aptamer Conjugate for Electrochemical Analysis of Conjugated -Glycolylneuraminic Acid.

In this work, the boronic acid-aptamer conjugate (BAAC) is elaborately designed and explored as a recognition unit. The admirable properties of the pH-dependent boronic acid ester are integrated with the specific capturing capability of the modified aptamer; thus, BAAC can efficiently and selectively bind with the target by adjusting the pH values. An electrochemical biosensor based on pH-adjusted BAAC has been further developed for the analysis of CNeu5Gc, an important biomarker of different kinds of cancer.

Hydrazone chemistry assisted DNAzyme for the analysis of double targets.

In this work, a hydrazone chemistry assisted DNAzyme has been designed and constructed. The introduction of hydrazone chemistry increases the versatility of DNAzymes. With superior catalytic capability, the hydrazone chemistry assisted DNAzyme has been successfully applied for the analysis of double targets.

A novel method to engineer proteases for selective enzyme inhibition.

In this work, we have proposed a new strategy to expand the function of a protein. By taking a protease as an example, it can be engineered to make up the shortcoming of natural proteases, and thus it can efficiently and selectively hydrolyze a desired protein even in a complex biological fluid.

Dual-Responsive DNA Nanodevice for the Available Imaging of an Apoptotic Signaling Pathway .

Fluorescence imaging tools enable the visualization of those molecules involved in various cell signaling pathways, but directly describing these pathways instead of the separate mediators is much more meaningful and still full of challenges. In this work, a dual-responsive DNA nanodevice that allows the available imaging of an apoptotic signaling pathway in living cells has been developed. The nanodevice is constructed through assembling an elaborately designed Y-shaped DNA (Y-DNA) layer on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).

A new colorimetric assay method for the detection of anti-hepatitis C virus antibody with high sensitivity.

The early detection of low abundance anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV Ab) is critical for efficient diagnosis and treatment of HCV infection. In this work, a new colorimetric assay method has been proposed for the sensitive detection of anti-HCV Ab. In this method, the antibody-induced DNA strand displacement and the resulting rolling circle amplification (RCA) are integrated to generate a large amount of tandemly repeated G-quadruplex DNAzymes on the arm of the "Y"-shaped antibody.

Colorimetric Sensor Array for Human Semen Identification Designed by Coupling Zirconium Metal-Organic Frameworks with DNA-Modified Gold Nanoparticles.

Rapid and accurate identification of semen is critical for male infertility diagnosis and the arrangement of personalized treatment. However, the complexity and diversity of samples impose lots of restrictions in detection. To solve this problem, we propose a colorimetric sensor array in this work by coupling zirconium metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) with single-stranded-DNA-decorated gold nanoparticles (ssDNA-AuNPs) for human semen identification.

Rhodopsin-Like Ionic Gate Fabricated with Graphene Oxide and Isomeric DNA Switch for Efficient Photocontrol of Ion Transport.

Rhodopsin, composed of opsin and isomeric retinal, acts as the primary photoreceptor by converting light into electric signals. Inspired by rhodopsin, we have fabricated a light-regulated ionic gate on the basis of the design of a graphene oxide (GO)-biomimetic DNA-nanochannel architecture. In this design, photoswitchable azobenzene (Azo)-DNA is introduced to the surface of porous anodic alumina (PAA) membrane.

New method for detection of T4 polynucleotide kinase phosphatase activity through isothermal EXPonential amplification reaction.

As a bifunctional enzyme, T4 polynucleotide kinase phosphatase (T4 PNKP) catalyzes the phosphorylation of 5'-hydroxyl, and also removes the terminal 3'-phosphate group. This is closely related to the restructuring, replication, and damage repair of nucleic acid. In this paper, we describe a new method for the sensitive detection of T4 PNKP activity based on the isothermal EXPonential amplification reaction (EXPAR).

A method to directly assay circRNA in real samples.

A method to directly assay circular RNA (circRNA) is proposed in this work by utilizing the 'microRNA (miRNA) sponge' nature of circRNA and by taking the advantage of duplex-specific nuclease. Moreover, miRNA absorption site-mediated hairpin DNA unfolding and nuclease-assisted target recycling have also been designed in this method to amplify the signal readout, thus sensitive assay of circRNA can be achieved in real samples.

Modularization of three-dimensional gold nanoparticles/ferrocene/liposome cluster for electrochemical biosensor.

For electrochemical biosensors, just like a computer, the modularization and coordinated operation of different components will facilitate the development of versatile biosensors and effectively reduce costs. However, the efficient synergy between different modules is always difficult. It would be a beneficial way to construct the multi-functional module.

MicroRNA-378 promotes myogenic differentiation by targeting BMP4.

MicroRNA-378 (miRNA-378) has been reported to have a crucial role in skeletal muscle differentiation; however, the underlying mechanisms have largely remained to be elucidated. The present study employed high‑throughput RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptome following transfection of miRNA‑378 mimics or control RNAs into C2C12 myoblast cells. By sequencing and annotation, 2,802 transcripts that were changed by >1.

The transgenic cloned pig population with integrated and controllable GH expression that has higher feed efficiency and meat production.

Sustained expression of the GH gene has been shown to have detrimental effects on the health of animals. In the current study, transgenic founder pigs, with controllable pig growth hormone (pGH) expression, were cloned via the handmade cloning method (HMC), and pGH expression levels were examined at the cellular and organismal levels. The serum pGH levels in 3 founder male pigs were found to be significantly higher after induction with intramuscular injection of doxycycline (DOX) compared to baseline.

Role of microRNAs in skeletal muscle development and rhabdomyosarcoma (review).

Skeletal muscle accounts for ~40% of total body mass. The principle functions of skeletal muscle include supporting the body structure, controlling motor movements and storing energy. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a skeletal muscle‑derived soft tissue tumor widely occurring in the pediatric population.