Lactic acid bacteria colonization and clinical outcome after probiotic supplementation in conventionally treated bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis.

This randomized double-blind placebo controlled study assessed the vaginal colonization of lactic acid bacteria and clinical outcome. Vaginal capsules containing L gasseri LN40, Lactobacillus fermentum LN99, L. casei subsp.

Tension-free vaginal tape after failed cystoscopic transurethral injections for stress urinary incontinence.

This case series aims to determine the feasibility of performing a tension-free vaginal tape procedure after failed transurethral injection treatment in women with stress urinary incontinence.

Immediate or delayed repair of obstetric anal sphincter tears-a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate if an 8- to 12-hour time delay of primary repair affects anal incontinence at 1-year follow up.

Design: Randomised controlled trial.

Setting: University hospital in Sweden.

Effects of hysterectomy on bowel function: a three-year, prospective cohort study.

Purpose: This study was a prospective evaluation of the long-term effects of hysterectomy on bowel function using self-reported outcome measures on symptoms of constipation, rectal emptying difficulties, and anal incontinence.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 120 consecutive patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions answered a questionnaire on bowel habits and anorectal symptoms preoperatively. Forty-four patients underwent vaginal and 76 abdominal hysterectomy.

Long-term outcome of abdominal sacrocolpopexy using xenograft compared with synthetic mesh.

Objectives: To assess the clinical outcome after abdominal sacrocolpopexy using a porcine dermal graft compared with a synthetic mesh.

Methods: Patients with vaginal vault prolapse Stage II or worse (Baden-Walker staging), underwent sacrocolpopexy using a synthetic mesh (n = 25) or porcine collagen graft (n = 27). The subjective outcome was measured using validated questionnaires.

A three-year prospective assessment of rectocele repair using porcine xenograft.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate clinical outcome of rectocele repair using xenograft 3 years after surgery.

Methods: Twenty-three patients who completed evaluation preoperatively and 1 year after surgery were assessed at a 3-year follow-up. Clinical examination was performed preoperatively, and at the 1- and 3-year follow-ups, with the pelvic organ prolapse quantification system.

Simplified methods of implant treatment in the edentulous lower jaw: a 3-year follow-up report of a controlled prospective study of one-stage versus two-stage surgery and early loading.

Background: Interest in the use of one-stage surgery and immediate loading of oral implants has lately been increasing.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the 3-year results of one-stage surgery versus two-stage surgery, early loading versus loading after a 3-month healing period, and the use of one-piece implants versus the use of two-piece implants.

Materials And Methods: The study included 108 patients with edentulous mandibles.

Functional and anatomic outcome after transvaginal rectocele repair using collagen mesh: a prospective study.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate rectocele repair using collagen mesh.

Methods: 32 female patients underwent surgical repair using collagen mesh. Outcome was assessed in 29 patients and preoperative assessment included standardized questionnaire, clinical examination, and defecography.

A three-year follow-up report of a comparative study of ITI Dental Implants and Brånemark System implants in the treatment of the partially edentulous maxilla.

Background: Many longitudinal studies of different implant systems have been published but few controlled randomized investigations have been reported. A 1-year report of a comparative study of ITI Dental Implant System implants (Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland) and Brånemark System implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) has been published by the present authors. This paper is a 3-year follow-up of that randomized study.

Simplified methods of implant treatment in the edentulous lower jaw. Part II: Early loading.

Background: Most implant treatment is performed with a two-stage surgical procedure. A disadvantage of these implant treatments is that they are time-consuming.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the results of early loading in the edentulous mandible and to compare those results with treatment results of one-stage surgery followed by a healing period and with two-stage surgery.

Obstetric sphincter tears and anal incontinence: an observational follow-up study.

Background: Persistent defects after primary sphincter repair and occult sphincter tears are common after vaginal deliveries. Anal incontinence may be associated with these morphological defects.

Material And Methods: Forty-six primiparous women were evaluated with ultrasonography, manometry and electrophysiology.

Nonsubmerged and submerged implants in the treatment of the partially edentulous maxilla.

Background: Dental implants vary in design and surfaces. In addition, different surgical techniques have been used for implant insertion. The ITI Dental Implant System (Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland) has always required a one-stage technique, whereas the Brånemark System (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) requires a two-stage technique.

Link between the X4 phenotype in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected mothers and their children, despite the early presence of R5 in the child.

Coreceptor use was determined for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates of various subtypes from 11 women during pregnancy and their infected children. Isolates from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n=79) and from plasma (n=59) were available. The clinical and immunological stages of HIV-1 infection were recorded.

Simplified methods of implant treatment in the edentulous lower jaw. A controlled prospective study. Part I: one-stage versus two-stage surgery.

Background: The original protocol for Brånemark System implants in the mandible was a two-stage procedure with 3 months healing time. With five or six implants and a cast framework of gold, the treatment is rather expensive, and simplified methods would be desirable.

Purpose: The goal of this controlled serial study was to investigate the outcome of a simplified procedure with one-stage surgery, four Brånemark implants, shortened healing time, and a new titanium-acrylic fixed full prosthesis.

Cystodefecoperitoneography in patients with genital prolapse.

The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate pre- and postoperative findings of cystodefecoperitoneography (CDP) and to correlate the findings to the clinical examination in patients with genital prolapse. Twenty-five female patients were investigated both pre- and postoperatively with a standardized questionnaire, clinical examination and CDP, including contrast medium in the rectum, vagina, bladder, small bowel and peritoneal cavity. At preoperative clinical examination a rectocele was diagnosed in 24 patients, a cystocele in 7 and an enterocele in 2.

Durability of success after rectocele repair.

The purpose of the study was to determine the durability of success after rectocele repair and to evaluate parameters that might influence long-term results. Twenty-five patients with rectocele were prospectively evaluated both clinically and physiologically. Follow-up was performed twice, at 1 and 5.

Nonsubmerged implants in the treatment of the edentulous upper jaw: a prospective clinical and radiographic study of ITI implants--results after 1 year.

Background: A new generation of ITI implants, including a hollow cylinder, a hollow screw, and a solid screw, was described in 1988. Currently, the solid screw is the main alternative.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to gain further clinical documentation of ITI solid-screw implants used in the edentulous upper jaw.

HIV-1 in placentas of untreated HIV-1-infected women in relation to viral transmission, infectious HIV-1 and RNA load in plasma.

The presence of HIV in the placenta was analysed in relation to virological and immunological factors and vertical transmission of HIV in 39 pregnancies between 1989 and 1993 among 37 HIV-1-infected women without zidovudine prophylaxis. HIV-1 was detected in 12 of 37 (31%) placentas by immunohistochemistry and in 3 of 18 by PCR. Altogether 14/39 (36%) placentas bore evidence of HIV-1 infection, although there was no relation with the outcome of HIV infection in the child.

Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-infected women: prevalence, incidence and regression. European Study Group on Natural History of HIV Infection in Women.

Objectives: To assess the impact of HIV-related immunodeficiency and antiretroviral treatment on the occurrence and evolution of abnormal Papanicolaou tests.

Study Design: Cohort of 485 HIV-infected women with a known date of infection, enrolled during May 1993-April 1998 in 23 centres (gynaecology, infectious disease or STD clinics, or drug treatment centres) in 12 European countries; in 21 centres, follow-up was performed every 6 months (median follow-up: 2 years).

Methods: Human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected at inclusion by Southern blot and PCR.

Anal incontinence after vaginal delivery: a prospective study in primiparous women.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and degree of anal incontinence after vaginal delivery among primiparous women and to define associated risk factors.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Sweden, a university hospital.

Anal sphincter tears at vaginal delivery: risk factors and clinical outcome of primary repair.

Objective: To determine risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter tears and to evaluate symptomatic outcome of primary repair.

Methods: Obstetric-procedure, maternal, and fetal data were registered in 845 consecutive vaginally delivered women. Risk factors for anal sphincter tears were calculated by multiple logistic regression.

Rectocele is associated with paradoxical anal sphincter reaction.

Rectocele is a frequent finding in constipated patients. However, constipation is not always relieved by rectocele repair, which may be due to other overlooked reasons for constipation. The study was designed to investigate patients with rectocele, in order to elucidate concomitant colorectal disorders and their association with rectocele.

Pattern of HIV viraemia and CD4 levels in relation to pregnancy in HIV-1 infected women.

The objective was to study HIV-1 viraemia and CD4 levels during and 6 months after pregnancy. HIV cultures on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma from 225 samples were performed in 90 HIV-1 infected women with 59 continued and 35 terminated pregnancies. P-24 antigen and HIV-DNA were also studied.

Results of rectocele repair. A prospective study.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the results of rectocele repair and parameters that might be useful in selecting patients for this operation.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with symptom-giving rectoceles were prospectively evaluated with a standardized questionnaire, physical examination, defecography, colon transit studies, anorectal manometry, and electrophysiology. Patients underwent posterior colporrhaphy and perineorrhaphy.