Study on awareness of osteoporosis and its associated risk factors among housewives and working women in Karachi.

Objective: To compare awareness of osteoporosis and its associated risks among working women and housewives.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Karachi University and Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from January to April 2015, and comprised working women and housewives who were enrolled using convenience sampling. Data was collected on awareness, dairy, fruit, vegetable, poultry/fish consumption as well as exercise, diagnosis and treatment taken for deficiency of vitamin D.

Factors associated with mortality to drug-resistant tuberculosis and their programmatic management in treatment centres of Punjab, Pakistan.

Objective: To describe the characteristics and assess the factors of mortality in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at 11 programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis centres located in different cities of the Punjab province of Pakistan, and comprised record of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis from January 2010 to September 2015. Data was retrieved from patient medical records using electronic nominal review system of the provincial tuberculosis control programme.