Photoredox-Catalyzed C-H Methylation of -Heteroarenes Enabled by ,-Dimethylethanolamine.

A visible-light-driven radical C-H methylation of -heteroarenes that is efficient and additive- and catalyst-free and employs readily available ,-dimethylethanolamine as the methyl source has been developed. The transformation offers the benefits of broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and operational simplicity. A photoactive electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex between -heteroarenes and ,-dimethylethanolamine is essential for this transformation, as revealed by mechanistic investigations.

Association of birth weight with neuropsychological functioning in early adolescence: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the neuropsychological function in early adolescence between children born small for gestational age (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) and those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study in 2016-18. Children born of singleton pregnancy with complete information of birth weight and delivery week were enrolled.

Association between twin status with cognitive, behavioral development and brain structure in early adolescence: a retrospective cohort analysis based on the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

Twin births are related with maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. Little was known about the comparability of the cognitive, behavioral development and brain structure between twins and singletons in early adolescence. This retrospective cohort study was based on data from the United States population-based, prospective, longitudinal observational Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.

An augmented Mendelian randomization approach provides causality of brain imaging features on complex traits in a single biobank-scale dataset.

Mendelian randomization (MR) is an effective approach for revealing causal risk factors that underpin complex traits and diseases. While MR has been more widely applied under two-sample settings, it is more promising to be used in one single large cohort given the rise of biobank-scale datasets that simultaneously contain genotype data, brain imaging data, and matched complex traits from the same individual. However, most existing multivariable MR methods have been developed for two-sample setting or a small number of exposures.

Prioritizing genes associated with brain disorders by leveraging enhancer-promoter interactions in diverse neural cells and tissues.

Background: Prioritizing genes that underlie complex brain disorders poses a considerable challenge. Despite previous studies have found that they shared symptoms and heterogeneity, it remained difficult to systematically identify the risk genes associated with them.

Methods: By using the CAGE (Cap Analysis of Gene Expression) read alignment files for 439 human cell and tissue types (including primary cells, tissues and cell lines) from FANTOM5 project, we predicted enhancer-promoter interactions (EPIs) of 439 cell and tissue types in human, and examined their reliability.

Early-initiated childhood reading for pleasure: associations with better cognitive performance, mental well-being and brain structure in young adolescence.

Background: Childhood is a crucial neurodevelopmental period. We investigated whether childhood reading for pleasure (RfP) was related to young adolescent assessments of cognition, mental health, and brain structure.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in a large-scale US national cohort (10 000 + young adolescents), using the well-established linear mixed model and structural equation methods for twin study, longitudinal and mediation analyses.

Deciphering the genetic architecture of human brain structure and function: a brief survey on recent advances of neuroimaging genomics.

Brain imaging genomics is an emerging interdisciplinary field, where integrated analysis of multimodal medical image-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and multi-omics data, bridging the gap between macroscopic brain phenotypes and their cellular and molecular characteristics. This approach aims to better interpret the genetic architecture and molecular mechanisms associated with brain structure, function and clinical outcomes. More recently, the availability of large-scale imaging and multi-omics datasets from the human brain has afforded the opportunity to the discovering of common genetic variants contributing to the structural and functional IDPs of the human brain.

Longer screen time utilization is associated with the polygenic risk for Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with mediation by brain white matter microstructure.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported to be associated with longer screen time utilization (STU) at the behavioral level. However, whether there are shared neural links between ADHD symptoms and prolonged STU is not clear and has not been explored in a single large-scale dataset.

Methods: Leveraging the genetics, neuroimaging and behavioral data of 11,000+ children aged 9-11 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort, this study investigates the associations between the polygenic risk and trait for ADHD, STU, and white matter microstructure through cross-sectionally and longitudinal analyses.

Disrupted long-range gene regulations elucidate shared tissue-specific mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Neurological and psychiatric disorders have overlapped phenotypic profiles, but the underlying tissue-specific functional processes remain largely unknown. In this study, we explore the shared tissue-specificity among 14 neuropsychiatric disorders through the disrupted long-range gene regulations by GWAS-identified regulatory SNPs. Through Hi-C interactions, averagely 38.

nMAGMA: a network-enhanced method for inferring risk genes from GWAS summary statistics and its application to schizophrenia.

Motivation: Annotating genetic variants from summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is crucial for predicting risk genes of various disorders. The multimarker analysis of genomic annotation (MAGMA) is one of the most popular tools for this purpose, where MAGMA aggregates signals of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to their nearby genes. In biology, SNPs may also affect genes that are far away in the genome, thus missed by MAGMA.