Effect of layered fertilizer strategies on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) productivity and soil macropore characteristics under mechanical direct-sowing.

Layered fertilization parameters affects crop root system configuration and growth distribution, which in turn affects soil pore properties and aggregate structure. Therefore, understanding the spatial distribution of the root system and soil pore space is helpful in choosing a reasonable fertilization ratio in production practice, which ensures high and stable crop yields and at the same time improves fertilizer utilization and soil health. Albeit the impact of layered fertilization ratio at varied rates on soil pore characteristics in the soil profile at a microscale level remains limited.

An Azaacene Derivative as Promising Electron-Transport Layer for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

It is highly desirable to develop novel n-type organic small molecules as an efficient electron-transport layer (ETL) for the replacement of PCBM to obtain high-performance metal-oxide-free, solution-processed inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because this type of solar cells with a low-temperature and solution-based process would make their fabrication more feasible and practical. In this research, the new azaacene QCAPZ has been synthesized and employed as non-fullerene ETL material for inverted PSCs through a solution-based process without the need for additional dopants or additives. The as-fabricated inverted PSCs show a power conversion efficiency up to 10.