Assessment of Frequency and Transience Rate for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in Geriatric Patients in Tertiary Care Settings of Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To assess the risk factors, frequency and transience rate for ventilator-associated pneumonia in geriatric patients.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Various campuses of Ziauddin University Hospital and Civil Hospital, Karachi, from April 2016 to May 2017.

Analysis of ochratoxin A blood levels in bladder cancer cases and healthy persons from Pakistan.

The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA), a well-known human nephrotoxic and carcinogenic agent, is a public health concern in many countries. Exposure is assessed by means of mycotoxin analysis in food commodities and by human biomonitoring of OTA in blood samples. Data available from several European countries and some studies in Africa, Asia, and the Americas indicate frequent detection of OTA.