The polymorphisms of candidate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic genes and their pharmacogenetic impacts on the effectiveness of risperidone maintenance therapy among Saudi children with autism.

Background: Antipsychotics, including risperidone (RIS), are frequently indicated for various autism spectrum disorder (ASD) manifestations; however, "actionable" PGx testing in psychiatry regarding antipsychotic dosing and selection has limited applications in routine clinical practice because of the lack of standard guidelines, mostly due to the inconsistency and scarcity of genetic variant data. The current study is aimed at examining the association of RIS effectiveness, according to ABC-CV and CGI indexes, with relevant pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) genes.

Methods: Eighty-nine ASD children who received a consistent RIS-based regimen for at least 8 weeks were included.

Appropriateness of anticoagulation level in older adult patients on Warfarin: A multicenter retrospective study.

Warfarin is favored over newer direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for many older adults. However, its use necessitates rigorous monitoring due to the fine line between toxic and therapeutic doses. Few studies have evaluated the anticoagulation quality of warfarin among elderly patients in Saudi Arabia.