Prospective, Randomized, Concurrently-Controlled Study of a Stent Graft versus Balloon Angioplasty for Treatment of Arteriovenous Access Graft Stenosis: 2-Year Results of the RENOVA Study.

Purpose: To present final, 2-year data from randomized comparison of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene stent graft (SG) and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for treatment of arteriovenous graft (AVG) anastomotic stenoses.

Materials And Methods: A 28-site, prospective, controlled US study enrolled 270 patients with malfunctioning AVG anastomotic stenoses of ≥ 50%; 138 patients underwent SG placement, and 132 underwent PTA alone. Follow-up imaging and intervention were event-driven.

Double superior vena cava on fistulogram: A case report and discussion.

Patient: Female, 50 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Double superior vena cava Symptoms: -

Medication: - Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Nephrology.

Objective: Anatomical anomaly/variation.

Background: Superior vena cava anomalies are caused by variations in the development of the embryonic thoracic venous system.