Astaxanthin attenuates cardiovascular dysfunction associated with deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension in rats.

Background: Hypertension is a major global health problem. It is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease. One of the most used experimental models in studying antihypertensive action is the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rat.

Dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, protects cardiovascular function in type-2 diabetic murine model.

Diabetes mellitus and its complications are major international health problems in which there are many limitations to the orthodox approaches in the treatment. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of diabetic medications, with a different mechanism of action that may reduce risk of cardiovascular complications. To evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy on cardiovascular complications in patients with type-2 diabetes and to compare its effect with the first-line therapy, metformin.