Variation in Case Exposure During Internal Medicine Residency.

Importance: Variation in residency case exposure affects resident learning and readiness for future practice. Accurate reporting of case exposure for internal medicine (IM) residents is challenging because feasible and reliable methods for linking patient care to residents are lacking.

Objective: To develop an integrated education-clinical database to characterize and measure case exposure variability among IM residents.

Methodology paper for the General Medicine Inpatient Initiative Medical Education Database (GEMINI MedED): a retrospective cohort study of internal medicine resident case-mix, clinical care and patient outcomes.

Introduction: Unwarranted variation in patient care among physicians is associated with negative patient outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Care variation likely also exists for resident physicians. Despite the global movement towards outcomes-based and competency-based medical education, current assessment strategies in residency do not routinely incorporate clinical outcomes.

Diversity among health care leaders in Canada: a cross-sectional study of perceived gender and race.

Background: Diverse health care leadership teams may improve health care experiences and outcomes for patients. We sought to explore the race and gender of hospital and health ministry executives in Canada and compare their diversity with that of the populations they serve.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included leaders of Canada's largest hospitals and all provincial and territorial health ministries.