Insights into the pathophysiology and response of persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 to spinal cord stimulation: a human genome-wide association study.

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) provides pain relief for some patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 (PSPS 2), but the precise mechanisms of action and prognostic factors for a favorable pain response remain obscure. This in vivo human genome-wide association study provides some pathophysiological clues.

Methods: We performed a high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis of serum obtained from both PSPS 2 cases and pain-free controls who had undergone lower back spinal surgery at the study site.

Effect of Conventional Spinal Cord Stimulation on Serum Protein Profile in Patients With Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) provides pain relief for most patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 (PSPS 2). Evidence is mounting on molecular changes induced by SCS as one of the mechanisms to explain pain improvement. We report the SCS effect on serum protein expression in vivo in patients with PSPS 2.

Predictive Clinical Decision Support System Using Machine Learning and Imaging Biomarkers in Patients With Neurostimulation Therapy: A Pilot Study.

Background: Chronic pain is correlated with alterations in brain structure and function. The selection process for the ideal candidate for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy is based on functional variables analysis and pain evaluation scores. In addition to the difficulties involved in the initial selection of patients and the predictive analysis of the trial phase, the large rate of explants is one of the most important concerns in the analysis of the suitability of implanted candidates.

Differences in Gene Expression of Endogenous Opioid Peptide Precursor, Cannabinoid 1 and 2 Receptors and Interleukin Beta in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients With Refractory Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Treated With Spinal Cord Stimulation: Markers of Therapeutic Outcomes?

Objective: The use of spinal cord stimulation for patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is very common. In order to better understand the mechanisms of action of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), our aim was to determine potential changes in relative gene and protein expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients as potential biomarkers of disease outcomes and potential new targets for therapy.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with diagnosis of FBSS refractory to conservative therapy for at least six months were included in the study.

Prospective, Randomized Blind Effect-on-Outcome Study of Conventional vs High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients with Pain and Disability Due to Failed Back Surgery Syndrome.

Objectives: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) show variable results and limited to moderate evidence. In the last years the stimulation of high frequency (HF) has been considered as a better alternative in this pathology for its supposed benefits compared to the stimulation with conventional frequency (CF). To compare in one year follow-up, the efficacy of high-frequency SCS (HF) versus conventional frequency SCS (CF) on the patients with FBSS.