Association of Electronic Cigarette Exposure on Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Despite the growing use of electronic cigarettes (EC) in the Unites States, particularly among young people, and their perceived safety, current evidence suggests that EC usage may cause adverse clinical cardiovascular effects. Therefore, we aim to pool all studies evaluating the association of EC exposure with cardiovascular health. Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Scopus were searched for studies from January 1, 2006 until December 31, 2022.

Impact of Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Cardiology.

Literature shows evidence of racial and gender biases in many sub-specialties of medicine including cardiology. Racial, ethnic, and gender disparities exist along the path to cardiology residency, beginning as early as medical school admissions. Approximately 65.