Feasibility and Acceptability of Universal Adult Screening for Chronic Hepatitis B in Primary Care Clinics.

Introduction: Two thirds of Americans infected with chronic hepatitis B are unaware of their infection. In March 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended moving from risk-based to universal adult chronic hepatitis B screening. In April 2022, Stanford implemented chronic hepatitis B universal screening discussion alerts for primary care providers.

The Role of Primary Care Providers in Lung Cancer Screening: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Multidisciplinary lung cancer screening (LCS) programs that perform shared decision-making visits (SDMV) and follow up annual low dose computed tomography (LDCT) have been emerging. We hypothesize that primary care providers (PCPs) prefer to refer patients to LCS programs instead of facilitating the screening process themselves.

Methods: This is a mixed-methods, cross-sectional study in which an online survey was administered to PCPs between April 2023 and June 2023.

Artificial Intelligence Improves Patient Follow-Up in a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program.

Purpose: We examine the rate of and reasons for follow-up in an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based workflow for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening relative to two human-based workflows.

Patients And Methods: A DR screening program initiated September 2019 between one institution and its affiliated primary care and endocrinology clinics screened 2243 adult patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes without a diagnosis of DR in the previous year in the San Francisco Bay Area. For patients who screened positive for more-than-mild-DR (MTMDR), rates of follow-up were calculated under a store-and-forward human-based DR workflow ("Human Workflow"), an AI-based workflow involving IDx-DR ("AI Workflow"), and a two-step hybrid workflow ("AI-Human Hybrid Workflow").

Catalyzing System Change: 100 Quality Improvement Projects in 1000 Days.

Background: Health system change requires quality improvement (QI) infrastructure that supports frontline staff implementing sustainable innovations. We created an 8-week rapid-cycle QI training program, Stanford Primary Care-Project Engagement Platform (PC-PEP), open to patient-facing primary care clinicians and staff.

Objective: Examine the feasibility and outcomes of a scalable QI program for busy practicing providers and staff in an academic medical center.

How Many Lives Will You Save? A Mixed Methods Evaluation of a Novel, Online Game for Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Education.

Medical trainees have limited knowledge of quality improvement and patient safety concepts. The authors developed a free quality improvement/patient safety educational game entitled Safety Quest (SQ). However, 1803 undergraduate medical trainees, graduate medical trainees, and continuing medical education learners globally completed at least 1 level of SQ.

AI-Human Hybrid Workflow Enhances Teleophthalmology for the Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Objective: Detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) outside of specialized eye care settings is an important means of access to vision-preserving health maintenance. Remote interpretation of fundus photographs acquired in a primary care or other nonophthalmic setting in a store-and-forward manner is a predominant paradigm of teleophthalmology screening programs. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based image interpretation offers an alternative means of DR detection.

Targeted Electronic Patient Portal Messaging Increases Hepatitis C Virus Screening in Primary Care: a Randomized Study.

Importance: Electronic health record (EHR) tools such as direct-to-patient messaging and automated lab orders are effective at improving uptake of preventive health measures. It is unknown if patient engagement in primary care impacts efficacy of such messaging.

Objective: To determine whether more engaged patients, defined as those who have an upcoming visit scheduled, are more likely to respond to a direct-to-patient message with an automated lab order for hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening.

Transforming Interprofessional Roles During Virtual Health Care: The Evolving Role of the Medical Assistant, in Relationship to National Health Profession Competency Standards.

Introduction: Medical assistants (MAs) were once limited to obtaining vital signs and office work. Now, MAs are foundational to team-based care, interacting with patients, systems, and teams in many ways. The transition to Virtual Health during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a further rapid and unique shift of MA roles and responsibilities.

Qualitative Assessment of Rapid System Transformation to Primary Care Video Visits at an Academic Medical Center.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic spurred health systems across the world to quickly shift from in-person visits to safer video visits.

Objective: To seek stakeholder perspectives on video visits' acceptability and effect 3 weeks after near-total transition to video visits.

Design: Semistructured qualitative interviews.

Differences and Trends in DNR Among California Inpatients With Heart Failure.

Background: Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders reflect an important means of respecting patient autonomy while minimizing the risk of nonbeneficial interventions. We sought to clarify trends and differences in rates of DNR orders for patients hospitalized with heart failure.

Methods: We used statewide data from California's Healthcare Cost and Utilization dataset (2007-2010) to determine trends in DNR orders within 24 hours of admission for patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of heart failure.

Impaired visual fixation at the age of 2 years in children born before the twenty-eighth week of gestation. Antecedents and correlates in the multicenter ELGAN study.

Background: Very little is known about the prevalence, antecedents, and correlates of impaired visual fixation in former very preterm newborns.

Methods: In the multicenter ELGAN study sample of 1057 infants born before the twenty-eighth week of gestation who had a developmental assessment at 2 years corrected age, we identified 73 who were unable to follow an object across the midline. We compared them to the 984 infants who could follow an object across the midline.

Early treatment suppresses the development of spike-wave epilepsy in a rat model.

Purpose: Current treatments for epilepsy may control seizures, but have no known effects on the underlying disease. We sought to determine whether early treatment in a model of genetic epilepsy would reduce the severity of the epilepsy phenotype in adulthood.

Methods: We used Wistar albino Glaxo rats of Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats, an established model of human absence epilepsy.