Overexpression of laminin-5 gamma-2 promotes tumorigenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through EGFR/ERK1/2/AKT/mTOR cascade.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is correlated with poor outcomes because of limited therapeutic options. Laminin-5 gamma-2 (LAMC2) plays a critical role in key biological processes. However, the detailed molecular mechanism and potential roles of LAMC2 in PDAC stay unexplored.

Long noncoding RNAs: A novel insight in the leukemogenesis and drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematological disorder with heterogeneous nature that resulted from blocked myeloid differentiation and an enhanced number of immature myeloid progenitors. During several decades, different factors, including cytogenetic, genetic, and epigenetic have been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of AML by inhibiting the differentiation and ensuring the proliferation of myeloid blast cells. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been considered as potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic factors in different human malignancies including AML.

A comprehensive review of the multifaceted role of the microbiota in human pancreatic carcinoma.

Pancreatic carcinoma is associated with one of the worst clinical outcomes throughout the globe because of its aggressive, metastatic, and drug-resistant nature. During the past decade, several studies have shown that oral, gut, and tumor microbiota play a critical role in the modulation of metabolism and immune responses. Growing pieces of evidence have proved beyond a doubt that the microbiota has a unique ability to influence the tumor microenvironment as well as the metabolism of chemotherapeutic agents or drugs.

The implication of long non-coding RNAs in the diagnosis, pathogenesis and drug resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and their possible therapeutic potential.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the lethal malignancies with the lowest median and overall survival rate among all human malignancies. The major problems with the PDAC are the late diagnosis, metastasis, and acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in the clinic. Over the last decade, the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered and occupies a significantly large proportion of the human genome.

Role of Telomeres and Telomeric Proteins in Human Malignancies and Their Therapeutic Potential.

Telomeres are the ends of linear chromosomes comprised of repetitive nucleotide sequences in humans. Telomeres preserve chromosomal stability and genomic integrity. Telomere length shortens with every cell division in somatic cells, eventually resulting in replicative senescence once telomere length becomes critically short.

A comprehensive review of genetic alterations and molecular targeted therapies for the implementation of personalized medicine in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an extremely heterogeneous disease defined by the clonal growth of myeloblasts/promyelocytes not only in the bone marrow but also in peripheral blood and/or tissues. Gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities are usually associated with aberrant proliferation and/or block in the normal differentiation of hematopoietic cells. So far, the combination of cytogenetic profiling and molecular and gene mutation analyses remains an essential tool for the classification, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment for AML.

Repurposing of drugs: An attractive pharmacological strategy for cancer therapeutics.

Human malignancies are one of the major health-related issues though out the world and anticipated to rise in the future. The development of novel drugs/agents requires a huge amount of cost and time that represents a major challenge for drug discovery. In the last three decades, the number of FDA approved drugs has dropped down and this led to increasing interest in drug reposition or repurposing.

The multifaceted role of reactive oxygen species in tumorigenesis.

Redox homeostasis is an essential requirement of the biological systems for performing various normal cellular functions including cellular growth, differentiation, senescence, survival and aging in humans. The changes in the basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are detrimental to cells and often lead to several disease conditions including cardiovascular, neurological, diabetes and cancer. During the last two decades, substantial research has been done which clearly suggests that ROS are essential for the initiation, progression, angiogenesis as well as metastasis of cancer in several ways.

Plant lectins and their usage in preparing targeted nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy.

Plant lectins, a natural source of glycans with a therapeutic potential may lead to the discovery of new targeted therapies. Glycans extracted from plant lectins are known to act as ligands for C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) that are primarily present on immune cells. Plant-derived glycosylated lectins offer diversity in their N-linked oligosaccharide structures that can serve as a unique source of homogenous and heterogenous glycans.