First Report of the Gene Mutations Associated with Permethrin Resistance in Head Lice ( De Geer, 1767) from Primary School Children in Istanbul (Türkiye) and Nagarkot (Nepal).

Head lice infestation (HLI), caused by De Geer, 1767, has long been a common global problem of school children. Permethrin is an old pyrethroid derivative that has been used commonly for its treatment, and it exerts its activity over the voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) of the lice. There has been a growing list of persistent HLI cases lately in the world among patients using permethrin, and knockdown resistance (kdr)-related point mutations on VSCC have been identified and reported from those resistant lice samples.

Child health, parasites and lower socioeconomic status: Outcomes of a long-term screening, intervention and training study by health volunteers in rural Nepal.

Background: Nepal is a developing country with limited resources for health provision due to its geographic difficulties and frequent natural disasters, such as floods and earthquakes. Children are at risk of growth retardation due to inadequate food intake and unhealthy environment. Lower back pain is common among the adults and causes limitations in daily activities.