Publications by authors named "Anupama Kumar"

Onion peels (OP) are byproduct of food processing industries that poses economic and environmental challenges. However, being rich source of bioactive compounds like Quercetin (Qt), a polyphenolic antioxidant with potential health benefits, harnessing value from such waste can imbibe sustainable practices and protect environment. With this view, the present study targets selective recovery of Qt from OP waste using rationally designed molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP).

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Exposure to toxic chemicals threatens species and ecosystems. This study introduces a novel approach using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to integrate aquatic toxicity data, providing an alternative to complement traditional in vivo ecotoxicity testing. This study pioneers the application of GNN in ecotoxicology by formulating the problem as a relation prediction task.

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Microplastics (MPs) accumulating in freshwater sediment have raised concerns about potential risks to benthic dwelling organisms, yet few studies have examined the long-term impacts caused by MP exposure. This study investigated alterations to lipid profiles in an Australian freshwater invertebrate, Chironomus tepperi, induced by polyethylene MP fragments (1-45 μm) at environmentally relevant concentrations (125, 250, 500 and 1000 MPs/kg sediment), using a two-generational experimental design. In the parental generation, the relative abundance of triacylglycerols, total fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids exhibited apparent hormetic patterns, with low-concentration stimulation and high-concentration inhibition observed.

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Consolidation therapy consists of short-term therapy after stem cell transplant in multiple myeloma. Key consolidation trials have shown mixed results on whether consolidation should be included after transplant, leading to varied clinical practice. Maintenance therapy consists of long-term, typically fixed-duration or indefinite, therapy.

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Chitosan is a versatile and generous biopolymer obtained by alkaline deacetylation of naturally occurring chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. The excellent physicochemical properties of polycationic chitosan are attributed to the presence of varied functional groups such as amino, hydroxyl, and acetamido groups enabling researchers to tailor the structure and properties of chitosan by different methods such as crosslinking, grafting, copolymerization, composites, and molecular imprinting techniques. The prepared derivatives have diverse applications in the food industry, water treatment, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, textiles, and biomedical applications.

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This study aims to test the hypothesis that increased ketone body production resulting from a ketogenic diet (KD) will correlate with reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid subspecies and improved clinical outcomes in adults treated with an adjunctive ketogenic diet for super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE). Adults (18 years or older) were treated with a 4:1 (fat: carbohydrate and protein) ratio of enteral KD as adjunctive therapy to pharmacologic seizure suppression in SRSE. Blood and urine samples and clinical measurements were collected at baseline ( = 10), after 1 week ( = 8), and after 2 weeks of KD ( = 5).

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Shale gas hydraulic fracturing generates flowback waters that pose a threat to aquatic organisms if released into the environment. In order to prevent adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems, multiple lines of evidence are needed to guide better decisions and management actions. This study employed a multi-disciplinary approach, combining direct toxicity assessment (DTA) on the water flea Daphnia carinata and LC-MS metabolomics analysis to determine the impact of a major ion salinity control (SC) and a cumulative flowback shale gas wastewater (SGW) from a well in the Beetaloo Sub-basin, Northern Territory, Australia.

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The accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in sediments could pose risks to benthic organisms and their progeny. Here, we examined effects on traditional apical endpoints along with changes to whole body metabolite profiles induced by irregular shaped polyethylene MPs (1-45 µm) at environmentally relevant concentrations (125, 250, 500 and 1000 MPs/kg sediment) in Chironomus tepperi using a two-generation exposure regime. Survival and emergence of C.

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Background: For patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have undergone autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT), the immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide is a first-line option for maintenance therapy. Because longer durations of lenalidomide maintenance are associated with improved survival, identifying strategies to avoid premature cessation of maintenance is an important priority in the post-transplant setting.

Objectives: The primary objective of this analysis was to identify specific clinical predictors of lenalidomide treatment duration that could guide optimal medication management.

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A distribution network is a mechanism that links a company and its suppliers to create and distribute a product to the end customer. This network is made up of numerous activities including people, entities, knowledge, and assets. The distribution network also represents the steps taken to get a good or service out of its inception to the customer.

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The 96-h acute toxicity of barium (Ba ), o-cresol, and sodium chloride (NaCl) to Paratya australiensis was assessed in single, binary, and ternary combinations in addition to three biochemical assays: glutathione S-transferase, acetylcholinesterase, and sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase. The 96-h lethal concentrations that expressed 50% mortality (LC50) in the single-toxicant exposures were Ba  = 23.4 mg/L, o-cresol = 12.

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Article Synopsis
  • The repurposing of existing licensed drugs provides a quick way to find new treatments for COVID-19, with a focus on 7817 available compounds from Compounds Australia.* -
  • The paper utilizes advanced ex vivo/3D airway and alveolar tissue models, which better mimic the human body than standard lab tests, to screen drug effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants.* -
  • Several drugs, including fluvoxamine and aprepitant, showed promising anti-viral effects comparable to current COVID-19 treatments, but more research is needed before they can be used clinically.*
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Solid waste management of the potato peels, generated during the processing of potatoes, can be done sustainably by adding value to the peel waste. Peels contains polyphenols, which serve as a defense mechanism against foreign pathogens in plants and have a variety of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties. However, specific segregation of any one polyphenol from waste can be challenging due to its complex matrix and low concentration of the targeted polyphenol.

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Article Synopsis
  • SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has led to over 6.5 million deaths globally and strained healthcare systems, prompting urgent drug and vaccine development efforts.
  • New variants of the virus continue to challenge the effectiveness of existing vaccines, highlighting the need for worldwide collaboration among scientists and healthcare professionals.
  • Researchers created a comprehensive database of 7,817 compounds to identify 12 FDA-approved drugs with safety profiles suitable for repurposing to treat COVID-19, alongside the introduction of an interactive interface (CoviRx) for easy access to this data.
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Industries such as unconventional natural gas have seen increased global expansion to meet the increasing energy needs of our increasing global population. Unconventional gas uses hydraulic fracturing that produces significant volumes of produced waters, which can be highly saline and pose a toxic threat to freshwater invertebrates if exposure via discharges, spills, leaks, or runoff were to occur. The primary aim of the present review was to determine the sodium (Na ) and chloride (Cl ) content of these waters as an approximate measure of salinity and how these values compare to the NaCl or synthetic marine salt acute toxicity values of freshwater invertebrate taxa.

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Article Synopsis
  • PFAS are man-made chemicals with industrial uses that persist in the environment due to strong Carbon-Fluorine bonds, raising concerns about their toxicity and potential health risks.
  • High exposure levels of PFAS are linked to various health issues, yet many studies use unrealistically high doses, leading to varied and potentially misleading results.
  • This review examines recent studies using environmentally relevant PFAS exposure levels and identifies key biochemical pathways affected, which can improve risk assessments and inform future regulations.
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The potential environmental risk associated with flowback waters generated during hydraulic fracturing of target shale gas formations needs to be assessed to enable management decisions and actions that prevent adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Using direct toxicity assessment (DTA), we determined that the shale gas flowback wastewater (FWW) from two exploration wells (Tanumbirini-1 and Kyalla 117 N2) in the Beetaloo Sub-basin, Northern Territory, Australia were chronically toxic to eight freshwater biota. Salinity in the respective FWWs contributed 16% and 55% of the chronic toxicity at the 50% effect level.

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Emerging contaminants (ECs) are often detected in water bodies due to their prevalent use combined with inefficiency of the conventional wastewater treatment plants for their complete removal. Elimination of ECs using photocatalysis as a tertiary treatment can be a sustainable option for the reuse wastewater. Reported herewith is a photocatalyst, chitosan-based zirconia hybrid composite (ZrOCTS-HC) for the individual/ simultaneous degradation of multiple ECs like Congo red (CR), Methyl orange (MO) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HA) under visible light irradiation.

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Food processing industries generate 25-30% of fruit and vegetable peel (F&VP) waste of the total produce, which are rich in polyphenolic antioxidants (PA). Sustainable solution for the above waste can be its valorization for the recovery of PA, often used as natural preservative. Present work reports rationally designed graphene oxide-based molecularly imprinted composites (GOMIPs) using ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride (A) as a green functional monomer for selective recovery of PA 4-Hydroxy benzoic acid (4HA) from F&VP/pomegranate peel (PGP) waste.

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Depression is common following HIV infection and often improves after ART initiation. We aimed to identify distinct dimensions of depression that change following ART initiation in persons with HIV (PWH) with minimal comorbidities (e.g.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the rising prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD), particularly involving opiates and benzodiazepines, and looks into the relapse factors among patients with SUD and co-occurring affective disorders.
  • A review of 76 patients who had gone through detoxification and psychiatric care found that factors like benzodiazepine use, frequent emergency department visits, and a history of multiple detox programs significantly increased the risk of relapse.
  • The research highlights that benzodiazepine abuse and frequent ED use are crucial predictors of relapse, suggesting a need for targeted interventions for these high-risk patients, and it emphasizes the disproportionate healthcare resource usage among a small group of patients.
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C9ORF72 hexanucleotide expansion is the most common genetic cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) disease spectrum. Even though three major mechanisms of disease pathogenesis have been proposed, we lack detailed understanding of the factors that influence disease onset and progression. We sought to characterize cerebrospinal fluid and sera of C9ORF72 patients via a multiplex assay of 41 chemokines and cytokines in comparison to neurological controls and sporadic ALS patients.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how seasonal changes in temperature might affect the transmission rates of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that warmer temperatures could lead to reduced transmission.
  • Using regression analysis on data from 50 Northern Hemisphere countries, the research finds that median minimum daily temperature has a strong correlation with the increase rate of COVID-19 cases, indicating that higher temperatures may facilitate slower case growth.
  • The results indicate that for every one-degree increase in temperature between 30 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, there is a potential 1% decrease in the rate of COVID-19 case increase, highlighting temperature’s significant role in virus transmission compared to morbidity.
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