Immunopharmacological Insights into Cordyceps spp.: Harnessing Therapeutic Potential for Sepsis.

Cordyceps spp. (CS), a well-known medicinal mushroom that belongs to Tibetan medicine and is predominantly found in the high altitudes in the Himalayas. CS is a rich reservoir of various bioactive substances including nucleosides, sterols flavonoids, peptides, and phenolic compounds.

Rolling down the pilus formation of gram-positive bacteria: underlining the importance of Sortase C as a drug target.

Bacteria possess hair-like projections on their surface termed pili. The primary function of a pilus is to enable bacterial cell attachment to the host. Since pili are associated with cell adhesion, they play a major role in bacterial colonization and infection.

Harnessing Nanoparticles to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance: Promises and Challenges.

The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a serious global health issue that kills millions of people each year globally. AMR developed in bacteria is difficult to treat and poses a challenge to clinicians. Bacteria develop resistance through a variety of processes, including biofilm growth, targeted area alterations, and therapeutic drug alteration, prolonging the period they remain within cells, where antibiotics are useless at therapeutic levels.

Biomarkers in sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction. Despite advances in understanding its pathology, sepsis remains a global health concern and remains a major contributor to mortality. Timely identification is crucial for improving clinical outcomes, as delayed treatment significantly impacts survival.

Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Neurological Health: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease and Chronic Alcohol Consumption.

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a diverse enzyme family crucial for cell signalling in various organs. Its dysregulation is linked to numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological problems. In the brain, PKC plays pivotal roles in synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, and neuronal survival.

Nanomaterials for intelligent CRISPR-Cas tools: improving environment sustainability.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is a desirable gene modification tool covering a wide area in various sectors of medicine, agriculture, and microbial biotechnology. The role of this incredible genetic engineering technology has been extensively investigated; however, it remains formidable with cargo choices, nonspecific delivery, and insertional mutagenesis. Various nanomaterials including lipid, polymeric, and inorganic are being used to deliver the CRISPR-Cas system.

Free Radicals, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sepsis-induced Organ Dysfunction: A Mechanistic Insight.

Sepsis is a complex clinical condition and a leading cause of death worldwide. During Sepsis, there is a derailment in the host response to infection, which can progress to severe sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction or failure, which leads to death. Free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated predominantly in mitochondria, are one of the key players in impairing normal organ function in sepsis.

Entamoeba histolytica induced NETosis and the dual role of NETs in amoebiasis.

Entamoeba histolytica (Eh), a microaerophilic parasite, causes deadly enteric infections that result in Amoebiasis. Every year, the count of invasive infections reaches 50 million approximately and 40,000 to 1,00,000 deaths occurring due to amoebiasis are reported globally. Profound inflammation is the hallmark of severe amoebiasis which is facilitated by immune first defenders, neutrophils.

Fast Track Diagnostic Tools for Clinical Management of Sepsis: Paradigm Shift from Conventional to Advanced Methods.

Sepsis is one of the deadliest disorders in the new century due to specific limitations in early and differential diagnosis. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming the dominant threat to human health globally. The only way to encounter the spread and emergence of AMR is through the active detection and identification of the pathogen along with the quantification of resistance.

Miracle Tree : Status of the Genetic Diversity, Breeding, In Vitro Propagation, and a Cogent Source of Commercial Functional Food and Non-Food Products.

Lam. (MO) is a fast-growing drought-resistant tree belonging to the family Moringaceae and native to the Indian subcontinent and cultivated and/or naturalized worldwide with a semi-arid climate. MO is also popularly known as a miracle tree for its repertoire of nutraceutical, pharmacological, and phytochemical properties.

Unravelling the Differential Host Immuno-Inflammatory Responses to and Infections in Sepsis.

Previous reports from our lab have documented dysregulated host inflammatory reactions in response to bacterial infections in sepsis. Both Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) play a significant role in the development and progression of sepsis by releasing several virulence factors. During sepsis, host cells produce a range of inflammatory responses including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, nitrite generation, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release, and pro-inflammatory cytokines production.

The Interplay of Oxidative Stress and ROS Scavenging: Antioxidants as a Therapeutic Potential in Sepsis.

Oxidative stress resulting from the disproportion of oxidants and antioxidants contributes to both physiological and pathological conditions in sepsis. To combat this, the antioxidant defense system comes into the picture, which contributes to limiting the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to the reduction of oxidative stress. However, a strong relationship has been found between scavengers of ROS and antioxidants in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models.

Exploring the molecular interaction of pheniramine with Enterococcus faecalis homoserine kinase: In-silico studies.

Infections caused by the bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (also known as E. faecalis) are common in hospitals. This bacterium is resistant to a wide range of medicines and causes a variety of nosocomial infections.

Identification of Protein Drug Targets of Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing in Multidrug Resistant .

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is an opportunistic multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen found in the guts of humans and farmed animals. Due to the occurrence of (MDR) strain there is an urgent need to look for an alternative treatment approach.

Endogenous cysteine protease inhibitors in upmost pathogenic parasitic protozoa.

The regulation of the activity of proteases by endogenous inhibitors is a common trend in almost all forms of life. Here, we review the endogenous inhibitors of cysteine proteases of three major pathogenic parasitic protozoa. The review focuses on members of the genus Plasmodium, Entamoeba, and Leishmania.

Deciphering the Role of S-adenosyl Homocysteine Nucleosidase in Quorum Sensing Mediated Biofilm Formation.

S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN) is a protein that plays a crucial role in several pathways of bacteria that are essential for its survival and pathogenesis. In addition to the role of MTAN in methyl-transfer reactions, methionine biosynthesis, and polyamine synthesis, MTAN is also involved in bacterial quorum sensing (QS). In QS, chemical signaling autoinducer (AI) secreted by bacteria assists cell to cell communication and is regulated in a cell density-dependent manner.

Plant-associated endophytic fungi as potential bio-factories for extracellular enzymes: Progress, Challenges and Strain improvement with precision approaches.

There is an intricate network of relations between endophytic fungi and their hosts that affects the production of various bioactive compounds. Plant-associated endophytic fungi contain industrially important enzymes and have the potential to fulfil their rapid demand in the international market to boost business in technology. Being safe and metabolically active, they have replaced the usage of toxic and harmful chemicals and hold a credible application in biotransformation, bioremediation and industrial processes.

Targeting COPD with PLGA-Based Nanoparticles: Current Status and Prospects.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is pulmonary emphysema characterized by blockage in the airflow resulting in the long-term breathing problem, hence a major cause of mortality worldwide. Excessive generation of free radicals and the development of chronic inflammation are the major two episodes underlying the pathogenesis of COPD. Currently used drugs targeting these episodes including anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and corticosteroids are unsafe, require high doses, and pose serious side effects.

Probing the Peculiarity of RabX10, a pseudoRab GTPase, from the Enteric Parasite through In Silico Modeling and Docking Studies.

() is a pathogenic eukaryote that often resides silently in humans under asymptomatic stages. Upon indeterminate stimulus, it develops into fulminant amoebiasis that causes severe hepatic abscesses with 50% mortality. This neglected tropical pathogen relies massively on membrane modulation to flourish and cause disease; these modulations range from the phagocytic mode for food acquisition to a complex trogocytosis mechanism for tissue invasion.

A Bioinformatics Approach for the Prediction of Immunogenic Properties and Structure of the SARS-COV-2 B.1.617.1 Variant Spike Protein.

Background: B.1.617.

Neutrophil extracellular traps and organ dysfunction in sepsis.

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome resulting from infection followed by inflammation and is one of the significant causes of mortality worldwide. The underlying reason is the host's uncontrolled inflammatory response due to an infection led to multiple organ dysfunction/failure. Neutrophils, an innate immune cell, are forerunners to reach the site of infection/inflammation for clearing the infection and resolute the inflammation during sepsis.

The flip side of reactive oxygen species in the tropical disease-Amoebiasis.

Entamoeba histolytica is the conductive agent of amoebiasis. Upon the parasite's infection, macrophages and neutrophils are activated by interferon γ, IL-13 and tumour necrosis factor. These immune cells then carry out the amoebicidal activity by releasing nitric oxide synthase and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Neonatal sepsis at point of care.

Sepsis, which includes infection followed by inflammation, is one of the leading causes of death among neonates worldwide. The major attribute of this disease process is dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction and potentially death. A comprehensive understanding of the host response as well as the pathogen itself are important factors contributing to outcome.

Cysteine proteases: Battling pathogenic parasitic protozoans with omnipresent enzymes.

Millions of people worldwide lie at the risk of parasitic protozoic infections that kill over a million people each year. The rising inefficacy of conventional therapeutics to combat these diseases, mainly due to the development of drug resistance to a handful of available licensed options contributes substantially to the rising burden of these ailments. Cysteine proteases are omnipresent enzymes that are critically implicated in the pathogenesis of protozoic infections.

In silico prediction, molecular docking and binding studies of acetaminophen and dexamethasone to Enterococcus faecalis diaminopimelate epimerase.

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a Gram-positive coccoid, non-sporulating, facultative anaerobic, multidrug resistance bacterium responsible for almost 65% to 80% of all enterococcal nosocomial infections. It usually causes infective endocarditis, urinary tract and surgical wound infections.