Epithelial ingrowth in descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty associated with vitreous loss.

Background: Epithelial ingrowth is a rare but potentially sight-threatening complication caused by the invasion of corneal or conjunctival epithelial cells into the eye during ocular surgeries. DMEK is emerging as a widely used surgery for endothelial keratoplasty with its improved safety profile. We describe a case of epithelial ingrowth in the graft-host interface after uneventful DMEK associated with vitreous prolapse in the anterior chamber.

Second report of a infection in the United States: nodular scleritis with in vitro imipenem resistance.

We describe the case of a 52-year-old woman with scleritis caused by an imipenem-resistant strain of . The patient presented with pain, redness, and nodules on the sclera of 8 weeks' duration. A Gram stain from a nodule on the superonasal aspect of the globe was initially negative.

Herpes zoster stromal keratitis after varicella vaccine booster in a pediatric patient.

Purpose: In this study, the case of a healthy pediatric patient who presented with herpes zoster (HZ) stromal keratitis after vaccination with live attenuated varicella vaccine (Varivax) and subsequent booster is described.

Method: This is a retrospective case review.

Results: A 6-year-old girl with no medical history presented with HZ ophthalmicus and stromal keratitis.

Ocular manifestations of ANCA-associated vasculitis.

The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides-Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome-can present with various ophthalmic manifestations. In a subset of patients, these findings may be the earliest indicators of systemic disease. Orbital and anterior segment findings are most common, whereas posterior segment complications such as retinal vasculitis and optic neuropathy occur much less frequently.

Ocular albinism with absent foveal pits but without nystagmus, photophobia, or severely reduced vision.

A 9-year-old Caucasian girl of northern European ancestry presented with findings suggestive of ocular albinism, although she maintains good visual acuity and lacks nystagmus and photophobia. DNA analysis revealed that the patient is a compound heterozygote for mutations in the tyrosinase gene, which is typically associated with overt, generalized oculocutaneous albinism and severe ocular symptoms. Her particular genotype confers no apparent cutaneous disease and only mild ocular features.

Direct interaction between BKCa potassium channel and microtubule-associated protein 1A.

The BKCa channel, a potassium channel that is allosterically activated by voltage and calcium, is expressed in both excitable and non-excitable cells. The channel plays an important role in regulating membrane excitability. The channel activity can be modulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation.

CTLA-4 regulates cell cycle progression during a primary immune response.

Engagement of CTLA-4 is critical for inhibiting T cell immune responses. Recent studies have shown that CTLA-4 plays a key role in regulating peripheral T cell tolerance. It has been suggested that one mechanism by which CTLA-4 performs this function is by regulating cell cycle progression.