Combination of autochthonous strains and -Cinnamaldehyde in water reduces Heidelberg in turkey poults.

Reducing the colonization of in turkeys is critical to mitigating the risk of its contamination at later stages of production. Given the increased susceptibility of newly hatched poults to colonization, it is crucial to implement interventions that target potential transmission routes, including drinking water. As no individual intervention explored to date is known to eliminate , the United States Department of Agriculture-Food Safety Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) recommends employing multiple hurdles to achieve a more meaningful reduction and minimize the potential emergence of resistance.

Effect of pimenta essential oil against Salmonella Agona and Salmonella Saintpaul in ground turkey meat and nonprocessed turkey breast meat.

Salmonella enterica Agona (S. Agona) and Salmonella enterica Saintpaul (S. Saintpaul) are among the emerging drug-resistant Salmonella in turkey production and processing.

Effect of plant-derived antimicrobials, eugenol, carvacrol, and β-resorcylic acid against Salmonella on organic chicken wings and carcasses.

Organic poultry constitutes a sizeable segment of the American organic commodities market. However, processors have limited strategies that are safe, effective, and approved for improving the microbiological safety of products. In this study, the efficacy of 3 plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs), eugenol (EG), carvacrol (CR), and β-resorcylic acid (BR) was evaluated against Salmonella on organic chicken wings and carcasses.

Effect of plant-derived antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg in ground Turkey.

Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) is a highly invasive human pathogen for which turkeys can serve as reservoir hosts. Colonization of turkeys with SH may result in potential contamination and is a greater challenge to prevent in comminuted products. Antimicrobial efficacy of 3 GRAS-status plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs), lemongrass essential oil (LG), citral (CIT), and trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), against SH in ground turkey, a comminuted product implicated in several outbreaks, was evaluated in this study.

Effect of caprylic acid alone or in combination with peracetic acid against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg on chicken drumsticks in a soft scalding temperature-time setup.

The antimicrobial efficacy of caprylic acid (CA), a medium-chain fatty acid, against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg (MDR SH) on chicken drumsticks in a soft-scalding temperature-time setup was investigated. Based on the standardization experiments in nutrient media and on chicken breast fillet portions, intact chicken drumsticks were spot inoculated with MDR SH and immersed in water with or without antimicrobial treatments at 54°C for 2 min. The treatments included 0.

Effect of lemongrass essential oil against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg and its attachment to chicken skin and meat.

Salmonella Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) is a major pathogen implicated in foodborne outbreaks for which poultry products can serve as an epidemiological source. This study determined the efficacy of GRAS-status lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) against S.

Effect of Turkey-Derived Beneficial Bacteria Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus ingluviei on a Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Strain in Turkey Poults.

Effects of turkey-derived beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus ingluviei UMNPBX19 and Lactobacillus salivarius UMNPBX2 on Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in turkey poults was investigated. Using in vitro studies, we determined each strain's resistance to pH 2.5 and 0.

Antibiotic-Resistant in the Food Supply and the Potential Role of Antibiotic Alternatives for Control.

is one of the most ubiquitous enteropathogenic bacterial species on earth, and comprises more than 2500 serovars. Widely known for causing non-typhoidal foodborne infections (95%), and enteric (typhoid) fever in humans, colonizes almost all warm- and cold-blooded animals, in addition to its extra-animal environmental strongholds. The last few decades have witnessed the emergence of highly virulent and antibiotic-resistant , causing greater morbidity and mortality in humans.

Characterizing the Antimicrobial Function of a Dairy-Originated Probiotic, , Against Multidrug-Resistant Serovar Heidelberg in Turkey Poults.

Antimicrobial potential of a dairy-origin probiotic bacteria, , against multidrug-resistant Heidelberg (SH) in turkey poults was determined in the current study. Employing experiments, two strains (subsp.) of : B3523 (PF) and B4327 (PS) were tested for their ability to resist low pH (2.

-Cinnamaldehyde and Eugenol Increase Sensitivity to Beta-Lactam Antibiotics.

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) is a major nosocomial pathogen causing a wide range of clinical conditions with significant mortality rates. strains are equipped with a multitude of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, rendering them resistant to most of the currently available antibiotics. Thus, there is a critical need to explore novel strategies for controlling antibiotic resistance in .

Inhibition and Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Biofilms by Selenium.

The present study investigated the efficacy of selenium (Se) in reduction of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis, inhibition of biofilm formation at 25 and 4°C on polystyrene surface, and inactivation of mature EHEC biofilms in combination with hot water. Sterile 96-well polystyrene plates inoculated with EHEC (∼6.0 log CFU per well) were treated with a subinhibitory concentration (SIC) of Se, and biofilms were allowed to mature at 4 and 25°C for 96 h.

Effect of Various Inoculum Levels of Multidrug-Resistant Serovar Heidelberg (2011 Ground Turkey Outbreak Isolate) on Cecal Colonization, Dissemination to Internal Organs, and Deposition in Skeletal Muscles of Commercial Turkeys after Experimental Oral Challenge.

serovar Heidelberg (. Heidelberg) is a major foodborne pathogen colonizing poultry. The pathogen is associated with a significant number of foodborne outbreaks through contaminated poultry meat, including turkeys.

Food Grade Pimenta Leaf Essential Oil Reduces the Attachment of Heidelberg (2011 Ground Turkey Outbreak Isolate) on to Turkey Skin.

attached to the poultry skin is a major source of carcass contamination during processing. Once attached to the poultry skin, it is difficult to detach and inactivate by commonly used antimicrobial agents since the pathogen is entrapped deeply in the feather follicles and the crevices on the skin. Essential oils could be natural, safe, and effective alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial agents during commercial and organic processing setup.

Gene Expression Response of Serotype Enteritidis Phage Type 8 to Subinhibitory Concentrations of the Plant-Derived Compounds -Cinnamaldehyde and Eugenol.

Enteritidis phage type 8 (PT8) is a major poultry-associated strain implicated in foodborne outbreaks in the United States. We previously reported that two plant-derived compounds generally recognized as safe (GRAS), -cinnamaldehyde (TC), and eugenol (EG), significantly reduced . Enteritidis colonization in broiler and layer chickens.

Efficacy of Plant-Derived Antimicrobials in Controlling Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence In Vitro.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major foodborne pathogen that can cause serious human illness characterized by hemorrhagic diarrhea and kidney failure. The pathology of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC) infection is primarily mediated by verotoxins, which bind to the globotriaosylceramide receptor on host cells.

Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria on Fresh Vegetables Collected from Farmers' Markets in Connecticut.

This study determined the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii on fresh vegetables collected from farmers' markets in Connecticut. One hundred samples each of fresh carrots, potatoes, and lettuce were sampled and streaked on selective media, namely Leeds Acinetobacter and MDR Acinetobacter agars. All morphologically different colonies from MDR Acinetobacter agar were identified by using Gram staining, biochemical tests, and PCR.

Selenium reduces enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 verotoxin production and globotriaosylceramide receptor expression on host cells.

Aim: This study investigated the efficacy of selenium (Se) in reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 verotoxin production and toxin gene expression. Additionally, the effect of Se on globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) receptor in human lymphoma cells was determined.

Materials & Methods: The effect of Se on verotoxin synthesis was determined by standard ELISA, whereas its effect on Gb3 receptor was determined by flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR.

Controlling Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production in poultry feed using carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde.

Aflatoxins (AF) are toxic metabolites primarily produced by molds, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Contamination of poultry feed with AF is a major concern to the poultry industry due to severe economic losses stemming from poor performance, reduced egg production, and diminished egg hatchability. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of 2 generally regarded as safe (GRAS), natural plant compounds, namely carvacrol (CR) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), on A.

Reducing Colonization and Eggborne Transmission of Salmonella Enteritidis in Layer Chickens by In-Feed Supplementation of Caprylic Acid.

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a major foodborne pathogen responsible for causing gastrointestinal infections in humans, predominantly due to the consumption of contaminated eggs. In layer hens, SE colonizes the intestine and migrates to various organs, including the oviduct, thereby leading to egg yolk and shell contamination. This study investigated the efficacy of caprylic acid (CA), a medium-chain fatty acid, in reducing SE colonization and egg contamination in layers.

In-feed supplementation of trans-cinnamaldehyde reduces layer-chicken egg-borne transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a major foodborne pathogen in the United States, causing gastroenteritis in humans, primarily through consumption of contaminated eggs. Chickens are the reservoir host of S. Enteritidis.

Characterization of a multidrug resistant C. difficile meat isolate.

Clostridium difficile is a pathogen of significant public health concern causing a life-threatening, toxin-mediated enteric disease in humans. The incidence and severity of the disease associated with C. difficile have increased in the US with the emergence of hypervirulent strains and community associated outbreaks.

Combating pathogenic microorganisms using plant-derived antimicrobials: a minireview of the mechanistic basis.

The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has led to renewed interest in exploring the potential of plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs) as an alternative therapeutic strategy to combat microbial infections. Historically, plant extracts have been used as a safe, effective, and natural remedy for ailments and diseases in traditional medicine. Extensive research in the last two decades has identified a plethora of PDAs with a wide spectrum of activity against a variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens causing infections in humans and animals.

Efficacy of plant-derived compounds combined with hydrogen peroxide as antimicrobial wash and coating treatment for reducing Listeria monocytogenes on cantaloupes.

The efficacy of four plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs), namely carvacrol, thymol, β-resorcylic acid, and caprylic acid, with or without hydrogen peroxide (HP), as antimicrobial wash and chitosan based coating for reducing Listeria monocytogenes (LM) on cantaloupes was investigated. Cantaloupe rind plugs inoculated with LM (10(7) CFU/cm(2)) were washed for 3, 6, 10 min at 25 °C or 1, 3, 5 min at 55 or 65 °C in water, or water containing 2% PDAs with or without 2% HP. Additionally, inoculated cantaloupes (10(8) CFU/fruit) washed with 2% PDA-HP combinations at 55 or 65 °C (5 min) were cut into rindless cubical pieces, stored at 4 °C for 7 days and sampled for LM.

Carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde reduce Clostridium difficile toxin production and cytotoxicity in vitro.

Clostridium difficile is a nosocomial pathogen that causes a serious toxin-mediated enteric disease in humans. Reducing C. difficile toxin production could significantly minimize its pathogenicity and improve disease outcomes in humans.