Diagnostic enigma of pulmonary hypertension: Tale from a series of three patients.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex condition with multiple etiological factors. The ability to identify a potential underlying cause is crucial for accurate diagnosis, patient management, and prognostication. This article presents a series of three patient cases to illustrate the enigmatic nature of PH diagnosis.

COVID-19 infected ST-Elevation myocardial infarction in India (COSTA INDIA).

Objective: To find out differences in the presentation, management and outcomes of COVID-19 infected STEMI patients compared to age and sex-matched non-infected STEMI patients treated during the same period.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicentre observational registry in which we collected data of COVID-19 positive STEMI patients from selected tertiary care hospitals across India. For every COVID-19 positive STEMI patient, two age and sex-matched COVID-19 negative STEMI patients were enrolled as control.

Catheter ablation of complex cardiac arrhythmias: Single-centre experience in Armed Forces.

Background: Complex arrhythmia ablation remains a technical challenge despite advances in hardware and mapping techniques. The aim of the study was to analyse the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation of arrhythmias requiring complex electrophysiological procedures at a tertiary-care centre.

Methods: A retrospective study was done for catheter ablation of arrhythmias performed at a single centre from Aug 2012 to Nov 2016 (4 years 4 months).

The armed forces medical services response to COVID-19.

The Indian Armed Forces have always responded to the Nation's call and the COVID-19 pandemic response has been no different. On instructions from the Government of India, the Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS) pitched in right from the initial stages of the epidemic in India as part of a coordinated national response. Be it the execution of medical quarantine for Indian citizens evacuated from China and other COVID affected countries or establishing dedicated and mixed COVID hospitals for its own clientele as well as civilian patients, the AFMS worked in tandem with the national policies.

Biventricular thrombosis in a structurally normal heart at high altitude.

We present a rare case of biventricular thrombus in a young patient with a structurally normal heart at high altitude, complicated with pulmonary embolism. Detailed evaluation revealed him to have protein S deficiency. Altered environmental conditions at high altitude associated with protein S deficiency resulted in thrombus formation at an unusual location; the same is discussed in this case report.

Two cases of medically-refractory spontaneous orthostatic headaches with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressures responding to epidural blood patching: Intracranial hypotension versus hypovolemia and the need for clinical awareness.

The diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypovolemia syndrome requires a high index of suspicion and meticulous history taking, demonstration of low CSF pressure and/or neuroimaging features. A 31-year-old male, presented with subacute onset moderate occipital and sub-occipital headaches precipitated by upright posture and relieved on recumbency and neck pain for 2 years. There was no trauma, cranial/spinal surgery.

Prevalence and association of lifestyle factors with extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in non-cardioembolic anterior circulation strokes in adult males less than 50 years: One year cross-sectional study.

Background: Data is scarce on prevalence of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis (ECA) in strokes <50 years and its association with lifestyle factors.

Objective: Study role of (a) ECA in non-cardio-embolic anterior circulation young strokes, and (b) smoking and alcohol in ECA.

Materials And Methods: Cardiovascular risk factors and evidence of ECA on carotid doppler ultrasound (CDUS) was evaluated in an one-year preliminary cross-sectional study of consecutive strokes between 20 years and 49 years.

Transcatheter closure of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm.

Congenital sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare cardiovascular anomaly. Rupture of sinus of Valsalva (RSOV) is a rare occurrence, occurring in 10-20% of cases. Rupture into right atrium is further a rare occurrence.