Diversity of the non-targeted metabolomic data across various varieties of Cloves ( spp.).

Cloves (), a tree in the Myrtaceae family, are indigenous to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia and are widely utilized as a spice. Essential oils are commonly extracted from clove leaves, flower buds, and stalks. However, due to supply constraints, other clove species, notably , are sometimes used as substitutes, leading to lower-grade essential oils.

Function of and under heat and oxidative stresses in tomato.

Lipocalins are very important proteins for stress resistance in plants. To better understand the function of tomato lipocalins, we observed responses to oxidative stress using over-expressed , , , and silenced-plants. Significant differences in reactive oxygen species accumulation (oxidative damage) were observed in all tested plants under heat stress.

Functional analyses of lipocalin proteins in tomato.

In this study, two temperature-induced lipocalin genes and , and a chloroplastic lipocalin gene were isolated from 'Micro-Tom' tomato. The coding sequences of , and were 558, 558, and 1002 bp, respectively. By TargetP analysis, no characteristic transit peptides were predicted in the proteins of SlTIL1 and SlTIL2, while a chloroplastic transit peptide was predicted in the protein of SlCHL.

Enzymatic formation of β-citraurin from β-cryptoxanthin and Zeaxanthin by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase4 in the flavedo of citrus fruit.

In this study, the pathway of β-citraurin biosynthesis, carotenoid contents and the expression of genes related to carotenoid metabolism were investigated in two varieties of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu), Yamashitabeni-wase, which accumulates β-citraurin predominantly, and Miyagawa-wase, which does not accumulate β-citraurin. The results suggested that CitCCD4 (for Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase4) was a key gene contributing to the biosynthesis of β-citraurin. In the flavedo of Yamashitabeni-wase, the expression of CitCCD4 increased rapidly from September, which was consistent with the accumulation of β-citraurin.