Outcomes of Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Nosocomial Tracheobronchitis.

Introduction Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis is a condition that occurs prior to the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients who have been intubated. This study aimed to determine the impact of nosocomial tracheobronchitis (NTB) related to new bacteria on the outcome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methodology A prospective, observational study was conducted in the department of surgical ICU of a tertiary care hospital between May 2019 and December 2019.

The Role of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an indolent B-cell malignancy, where treatment is aimed at preventing organ dysfunction from light chain accumulation (slowing disease progression) and inducing remission. Allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT), through graft versus myeloma (GVM) effects, has the potential to induce remission to a potentially curative-like state. In this systematic review, we aimed to understand this relationship to the risks and severity of disease in categorized patients and gain an updated comprehension of the future of allo-SCT in MM treatment.

Type 2 Diabetes and Causes of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Systematic Review.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been on the rise in recent years. A major cause of death in the United States is myocardial infarction with underlying coronary artery disease. Impairment of tissue insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes is a significant factor for sudden cardiac death.

The Correlation Between Parkinson's Disease and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused due to the destruction of dopaminergic neurons and the deposition of α-synuclein proteins, known as Lewy bodies. Generally, the diagnosis of PD is centered around motor symptoms. However, the early recognition of non-motor symptoms such as autonomic dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and cognitive and psychiatric disturbances are gaining increased attention for the early diagnosis of PD.

The Role of Vitamins in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) emerged as the most prevalent liver disorder contributing significantly to disease burden worldwide. It manifests as a broad spectrum of hepatic damage with varying severity ranging from less serious steatosis to a more severe Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), with or without fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Vitamins, on the other hand, are micronutrients that are vital for healthy well-being.

Unraveling the Association Between Schizophrenia and Substance Use Disorder-Predictors, Mechanisms and Treatment Modifications: A Systematic Review.

Individuals with schizophrenia are particularly vulnerable to substance abuse problems. Comorbidity with substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently results in early death and increased dysfunction observed in schizophrenia. This dual diagnosis can be explained through multiple general mechanisms.

New Evidence in the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.

Celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are autoimmune diseases that coexist frequently. These illnesses share a common genetic background. This study aims to review the different pathophysiologic mechanisms that have been studied about the coexistence of CD and T1DM, to contrast them, and to summarize their specific role in these autoimmune diseases.

Coinfection of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Background Coinfection of viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not uncommon in Pakistan. Coinfection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) with HIV is associated with a poor prognosis. The current study evaluated the occurrence of coinfection of HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Hospital Outcomes in Antepartum Mental Disorders: A Study on 897,397 Pregnant Inpatients.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of antepartum mental disorders (AMD) in medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and inpatient outcomes during hospitalizations for pregnancy/birth-related complications.

Methods: We used the national inpatient sample (NIS) data and included 19,170,562 female patients (age, 12-40 years) with a principal diagnosis of pregnancy/birth-related complications and grouped by co-diagnoses of AMD (N = 897,397). We used a binomial logistic regression model to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) for major severity of illness and adjusted for demographic confounders.

Burdens of Postoperative Infection in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Inpatients.

Objectives Our objective in this study is, firstly, to determine postoperative (POI) rates in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures stratified by patients' demographic and hospitals' characteristics in the United States, and secondly, to evaluate the demographic and comorbid risk factors associated with POI in ERCP inpatients, as well as its impact on the length of stay (LOS) and total charges. Methods The total sample of 28,525 inpatients with a principal procedure of ERCP from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was included and grouped by co-diagnosis of POI (N=300, 1.05%).

Conduct Disorder-Related Hospitalization and Substance Use Disorders in American Teens.

Objective: Our study aimed to compare the demographic characteristics of conduct disorder (CD) inpatients versus other psychiatric inpatients in children and adolescents, and assess the association between conduct disorder patients and the spectrum of substance use disorders (SUD).

Methods: We included 800,614 psychiatric adolescent (12-18 years) inpatients, and this included 8885 inpatients (1.1%) primarily for conduct disorder in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2010-2014).