Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol
February 2025
Objective: To assess the impact of treatment guidelines on the trends of outpatient antibiotic prescription among pediatric and adult patients at a cancer center in Pakistan.
Design: Retrospective observational study conducted between July 1 2018 and July 31 2023.
Methods: We determined the indication for antibiotics and the frequency of guideline-discordant prescriptions for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), urinary tract infection (UTI), and diarrhea.
Modulating mechanotransduction by inhibiting yes-associated protein (YAP) in mice yields wound regeneration without scarring. However, rodents are loose-skinned and fail to recapitulate key aspects of human wound repair. We sought to elucidate the effects of YAP inhibition in red Duroc pig wounds, the most human-like model of scarring.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction Chairside teaching is an important part of dental undergraduate clinical education. Bedside teaching is well-reported in relation to undergraduate medicine but few publications relate to undergraduate dentistry.Aims and objectives To investigate the experience and benefits from chairside teaching/learning in the clinical years of a five-year dental programme in a UK university.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents one of the only cancers with an increasing incidence rate and is often associated with intra- and peri-tumoral scarring, referred to as desmoplasia. This scarring is highly heterogeneous in extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture and plays complex roles in both tumor biology and clinical outcomes that are not yet fully understood. Using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), a routine histological stain utilized in existing clinical workflows, we quantified ECM architecture in 85 patient samples to assess relationships between desmoplastic architecture and clinical outcomes such as survival time and disease recurrence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare lymphoma with sparse tumor B-cells and a favorable prognosis. Variant growth patterns of NLPHL, however, often show advanced stage, progression to T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) and a worse prognosis. We studied the tumor microenvironment (TME) of NLPHL and THRLBCL using highplex imaging and spatial profiling at the single cell level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Hallmarks include desmoplasia with variable extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture and a complex microenvironment with spatially defined tumor, stromal, and immune populations. Nevertheless, the role of desmoplastic spatial organization in patient/tumor variability remains underexplored, which we elucidate using two technologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRituximab, a murine-human chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting CD20-positive B lymphocytes, has established itself as an effective and relatively safe biologic therapy for patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Most common side effects associated with its use include infusion related reactions and cytopenia. Rare adverse effects such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) have also been reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are integral to the solid tumor microenvironment. CAFs were once thought to be a relatively uniform population of matrix-producing cells, but single-cell RNA sequencing has revealed diverse CAF phenotypes. Here, we further probed CAF heterogeneity with a comprehensive multiomics approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeasures to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread to household members was assessed by surveying COVID-19-positive physicians and advanced practice providers. Showering and changing were more common than physical distancing. Half of respondents reported a symptomatic household member.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The primary care sector is uniquely positioned to lead the coordination of providers and organizations across health and social care sectors. This study explores whether organizational (professional) integration within a primary care team might be related to organizational integration between primary care and other community partners involved in caring for complex patients.
Methods: Two care coordination initiatives (Health Links) were selected - one led by a primary care team with a high level of intraorganizational integration as assessed by the Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool (CPAT), and the other led by a primary care team with a low level of intraorganizational integration.
Efforts of controlling viral transmission began soon after the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections were identified. Initial efforts were related to contact precautions, hand hygiene, and mask-wearing; however, it was soon evident that a robust global immunization drive was the most effective way to curb disease transmission. In the United States, the first doses of COVID-19 vaccines were rolled out soon after the FDA granted emergency use authorization for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The acute phase of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is well known. However, there is now an increasing number of patients suffering from the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC Post COVID-19 condition occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection, usually 3 months from the onset of COVID-19 with symptoms and that last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis), including neuropsychiatric symptoms. The purpose of this report is to describe the sociodemographic, diagnostic and treatment characteristics of patients evaluated in an outpatient psychiatric setting for PASC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models have been hailed as a breakthrough for understanding disease and developing new therapeutics. The major advantage of iPSC-derived neurons is that they carry the genetic background of the donor, and as such could be more predictive for clinical translation. However, the development of these cell models is time-consuming and expensive and it is thus critical to maximize readout of markers for immunocytochemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo find alternative molecules against , and methicillin-resistant , new enoxacin derivatives were synthesized and screened. All derivatives exhibited promising antibacterial activities as compared to standard enoxacin (2 μg/ml) and standard cefixime (82 μg/ml). Compounds , and significantly downregulated the gene expression of biofilm-forming genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe increase in consumer demand for high-quality food products has led to growth in the use of new technologies and ingredients. Resistant starch (RS) is a recently recognised source of fibre and has received much attention for its potential health benefits and functional properties. However, knowledge about the fate of RS in modulating complex intestinal communities, the microbial members involved in its degradation, enhancement of microbial metabolites, and its functional role in body physiology is still limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo utilize wastes and residues sustainably and excellently, there is a need to fend for efficient methods and resources for biogas production. Use of poultry waste for biogas production represents one of the most important routes toward reaching global renewable energy targets. The current study involves microbial pretreatment of chicken feather waste, followed by its co-digestion with rice husk and green grocery waste in batch and continuous reactors, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeople experiencing homelessness are at increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV. We examined the impact of integrating HIV testing and mandatory TB screening on HIV test uptake (HTU) during a multishelter TB outbreak in Atlanta, Georgia (2008-2018). Overall HTU was low; however, the intervention led to a reversal of declining HTU trend (rate ratio = 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFE-shopping is a rapidly growing phenomenon among different individuals who intend to shop online. However, a trust deficit in the E-shopping environment has always been a critical issue in the brick-and-click mode of shopping, being one of the main reasons for E-cart abandonment in E-commerce. This empirical study is aimed at investigating the perceived effect of website trust on E-shopping intentions and behaviour, drawing upon the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Coll Physicians Surg Pak
November 2021
The aim of this study was to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted on the effective management; and the outcome of pediatric oncology patients in Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Lahore. Data was retrospectively reviewed from 15 March to 15 June 2020 after the approval of Institutional Review Board Committee. A total of 258 patients on active oncology treatment between the study period were included.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad
November 2021
Background: Multiple options have been tried to counter the proteinuria secondary to renal diseases. Clinicians and researchers are trying to find the best option for this purpose.
Objective: To compare efficacy of Losartan and Diltiazem in management of proteinuria in nondiabetic renal diseases at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan.
This study examines the role of a private standard on corporate social responsibility (CSR) compliance in the Pakistani mango industry and how this compliance affects rural workers' motivation. Pakistan is the fifth largest mango producer in the world and the fourth largest exporter in global mango trade; also, mango is the biggest fruit crop within the country. Mango trade is subject to trade terms, where buyers decide the conditions of trade agreements by means of codes of conduct.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical outcomes are inferior for individuals with HIV having suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated if the levels of infection and the response to homeostatic cytokines of CD4 T-cell subsets contributed to divergent CD4 T-cell recovery and HIV reservoir during ART by studying virologically-suppressed immunologic responders (IR, achieving a CD4 cell count >500 cells/μL on or before two years after ART initiation), and virologically-suppressed suboptimal responders (ISR, did not achieve a CD4 cell count >500 cells/μL in the first two years after ART initiation). Compared to IR, ISR demonstrated higher levels of HIV-DNA in naïve, central (CM), transitional (TM), and effector (EM) memory CD4 T-cells in blood, both pre- and on-ART, and specifically in CM CD4 T-cells in LN on-ART.
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