TP-0184 inhibits FLT3/ACVR1 to overcome FLT3 inhibitor resistance and hinder AML growth synergistically with venetoclax.

We identified activin A receptor type I (ACVR1), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, as a factor favoring acute myeloid leukemia (AML) growth and a new potential therapeutic target. ACVR1 is overexpressed in FLT3-mutated AML and inhibition of ACVR1 expression sensitized AML cells to FLT3 inhibitors. We developed a novel ACVR1 inhibitor, TP-0184, which selectively caused growth arrest in FLT3-mutated AML cell lines.

Evidence supporting a role for the immune checkpoint protein B7-H3 in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against AML.

We observed that the immune checkpoint protein B7-H3 is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with poor treatment outcomes. Inhibition of B7-H3 expression or blocking of its activity using a novel monoclonal antibody (T-1A5) in AML cells significantly enhanced natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity in AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, a human-mouse chimera of this antibody (ChT-1A5) induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in B7-H3+ primary AML cells, but not in normal hematopoietic cells, suggesting the specify of this antibody for AML cells.

Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Thrombospondin-1 as Biomarkers of Metronomic Chemotherapy in Progressive Pediatric Solid Malignancies.

Objective: We compared Vascular Endothelial Growth factor (VEGF) and Thrombospondin-1 between patients with progressive paediatric malignancies randomized to metronomic chemotherapy versus placebo to determine their role as biomarker.

Methods: In this double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized study of 108 progressive pediatric malignancies, serum VEGF and thrombospondin-1 levels were evaluated using ELISA at baseline, A2 (week-9 or earlier if progressed) and A3 (week-18 or earlier if progressed).

Results: Mean VEGF and thrombospondin-1 at baseline, A2 and A3 and the change from baseline to A2 were not different between two groups.

Genetic Landscape of Mitochondrial Regulatory Region in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Changes from Diagnosis to Relapse.

This prospective study aimed to compare the pattern of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid D-loop (mt-DNA D-loop) variations in 41 paired samples of de novo pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (baseline vs. relapse) patients by Sanger's sequencing. Mean mt-DNA D-loop variation was 10.

Expression of mitochondrial genes predicts survival in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.

Deregulated mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis have been studied in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); yet, the relevance of mitochondrial-encoded gene expression on AML outcomes is unknown. This study was conducted to assess clinical significance of expression of mitochondrial-encoded genes, namely ND3, SDHB, Cytochrome b, Cytochrome C, and ATP6, in pediatric AML. Pediatric AML patients from July 2013 to June 2016 were enrolled in this prospective study.

Prognostic impact of mitochondrial DNA D-loop variations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.

The role of mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) changes, especially those in the regulatory D-loop region in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) remains investigational. Consecutive 151 pediatric AML patients, (≤18 yr) were prospectively enrolled from June 2013-August 2016, to assess the prognostic impact of mt-DNA D-loop variations (somatic/germline) on survival. For each patient, D-loop region was sequenced on baseline bone marrow and buccal swab, and mother's blood sample.

Apoptosis: A biomarker of high-risk phenotype in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia?

Introduction: Dysregulation of apoptosis has been explored in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); yet, its correlation with clinical outcomes in pediatric AML is unknown. This study was aimed to analyze percentage of apoptosis and apoptosis mediated through the intrinsic pathway with clinical outcomes in patients with pediatric AML.

Methods: This prospective study included pediatric AML patients enrolled from July 2013 to August 2016.

Cytogenetic Profiles of 472 Indian Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Objective: To analyze the cytogenetic abnormalities of a large cohort of consecutive pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients, treated on a uniform protocol.

Design: Review of case records.

Setting: Pediatric Cancer Center of tertiary care hospital between June 2003 and June 2016.

Pattern of mitochondrial D-loop variations and their relation with mitochondrial encoded genes in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.

Role of mitochondrial DNA variations, particularly in D loop region, remains investigational in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Consecutive 151 pediatric AML patients were prospectively enrolled from June 2013 to August 2016, for evaluating pattern of variations in mitochondrial D-loop region and to determine their association, if any, with expression of mitochondrial-encoded genes. For each patient, D-loop region was sequenced on baseline bone marrow, buccal swab and mother's blood sample.

Myeloid Sarcoma Predicts Superior Outcome in Pediatric AML; Can Cytogenetics Solve the Puzzle?

Background: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular features, and survival outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with myeloid sarcoma (MS) and compare them with patients with AML without MS.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of de novo pediatric AML patients with or without MS diagnosed at our cancer center between June 2003 and June 2016.

Results: MS was present in 121 of 570 (21.