Renal Adverse Effects of Tenofovir Containing Regimens in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents in North India.

Objective: To study the prevalence of abnormal renal functions among children living with HIV (CLHIV) receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) containing antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted among CLHIV aged 10 years to 21 years attending the pediatric HIV clinic. We included CLHIV weighing ≥ 30 kg who had been receiving TDF-containing regimens for at least 6 months, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 60 ml/min/m2 at enrolment and for whom baseline laboratory parameters were available before starting ART.

Effect of the timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation on CD4 count in children and youths living with HIV in North India.

Background: Immediate start of antiretroviral treatment (ART) among non-hospitalized outpatient children living with HIV may improve or worsen clinical outcomes due to immune reconstitution.

Objective: Role of immediate versus post-stabilization start of antiretroviral treatment in children and youths living with HIV on CD4 count and viral load suppression.

Methods: This was a single blinded, randomized controlled trial conducted on outpatients attending a tertiary care hospital associated HIV clinic in North India.

Use of furosemide in preterm neonates with acute kidney injury is associated with increased mortality: results from the TINKER registry.

Background: Diuretics are commonly used in neonatal AKI with the rationale to decrease positive fluid balance in critically sick neonates. The patterns of furosemide use vary among hospitals, which necessitates the need for a well-designed study.

Methods: The TINKER (The Indian Iconic Neonatal Kidney Educational Registry) study provides a database, spanning 14 centres across India since August 2018.

Buckets associated home drowning in Indian infants and toddlers: An analysis of 18 fatalities from 2016-2022.

Cases of drowning at home of unsupervised infants and toddlers in buckets have been reported elsewhere but little research on this largely preventable death in India exists. We performed a descriptive analysis on the basis of Google search of published news report in leading Indian newspapers or news channels. Data were collected employing a pre-determined tool.

Intravenous immunoglobulin in the management of neonatal sepsis: A randomised controlled trial.

Sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in low and middle-income countries. We designed a double-blinded randomised controlled trial in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital to determine the role of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in decreasing hospital stay. Eighty neonates with clinical features of sepsis were enrolled in the study and placebo groups to receive 500 mg/kg of IVIG for three consecutive days or a placebo.

Validation of the STARZ neonatal acute kidney injury risk stratification score in an independent prospective cohort.

Objective: A rapid AKI risk assessment score would allow for improving management and outcomes. STARZ (Sethi, Tibrewal, Agrawal, Raina, waZir) score was developed for acute kidney injury (AKI) risk stratification of critically ill neonates. This is the first independent validation for the novel score outside the original enrolled centres.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on CD4 Count in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents in North India: A Non-Randomized Comparative Study.

Background: HIV infection is still a serious public health issue globally. Suboptimal vitamin D status is highly prevalent in HIV-infected children and adolescents throughout the world.

Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of vitamin D supplementation on CD4 count in HIV-infected children and adolescents with suboptimal vitamin D status.

Risk factors and outcomes of neonates with acute kidney injury needing peritoneal dialysis: Results from the prospective TINKER (The Indian PCRRT-ICONIC Neonatal Kidney Educational Registry) study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). There is a need to have prospective data on the risk factors and outcomes of acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) in neonates. The use of kidney replacement therapy in this population compared to older populations has been associated with worse outcomes (mortality rates 17-24%) along with a longer stay in the NICU and/or hospital.

Validation of the STARZ neonatal acute kidney injury risk stratification score.

Background: Neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and leads to worse outcomes. Stratifying neonates into an "at risk" category allows health care providers to objectively recognize opportunities for improvements in quality of care.

Methods: The "Neonatal AKI Risk Prediction Scoring" was devised as the "STARZ [Sethi, Tibrewal, Agrawal, Raina, waZir]" Score.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury: Protocol of a Multicentric Prospective Cohort Study [The Indian Iconic Neonatal Kidney Educational Registry].

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant problem in neonates, but the evidence is sparse. Neonatal AKI is an independent risk factor for increased mortality and prolonged hospital stay. There are stark differences in the epidemiology of AKI in neonates amongst the developing and the developed world.

Neonatal acute kidney injury risk stratification score: STARZ study.

Background: Neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit are vulnerable to acute kidney injury leading to worse outcomes. It is important to identify "at-risk" neonates for early preventive measures.

Methods: The study was a multicenter, national, prospective cohort study done in 11 centers in India.

Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an Asymptomatic Pregnant Woman in India.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease with many possible routes of transmission. Vertical transmission of SARS CoV-2 is still controversial. We report a case of vertical transmission of SARS CoV-2 from an asymptomatic pregnant woman to her newborn baby who had completely asymptomatic course in India.

Children Left Unattended in Parked Vehicles in India: An Analysis of 40 Fatalities from 2011 to 2020.

Background: Fatalities in children left unattended in parked motor vehicles are being reported frequently in the last decade but little research has been done analysing the circumstances leading to such preventable deaths in India.

Objectives: To analyse circumstances leading to fatalities in children left unattended in parked motor vehicles in India.

Methods: This study was a descriptive analysis conducted on the basis of an Internet search of published news in major Indian newspapers/channels using different combination of keywords.

Femoral shaft fracture following oil massage in neonates: a single-centre experience.

Femoral shaft fractures following oil massage in newborns are very rare. We describe our observations at a tertiary centre in northern India. Three such cases encountered during the study period from July 2014 to June 2019 were evaluated.

Caffey Disease in Infancy: A diagnostic dilemma for primary care physicians.

Caffey disease is a rare and self-limiting condition characterised by cortical hyperostosis with inflammation of adjacent and muscles. It usually presents in infancy and clinical features include hyperirritability, acute inflammation with swelling of overlying soft tissues and subperiosteal new bone formation. Awareness of the existence of this rare condition and its typical clinical and radiological profile will avoid unnecessary investigations and treatment and help the physician to explain its good prognosis to parents of affected children.