Background: Disease management programs for heart failure (HF) often include various strategies such as medication management and lifestyle modifications, and are known to improve clinical outcomes.
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an individualized patient education program (IPEP) specifically designed for patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) on clinical outcomes.
Methods: In our prospective interventional study involving 164 patients, participants were divided into control (CG) and intervention (IG) groups.
Guideline Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT) has been the standard pharmacotherapy for the treatment of Heart Failure patients with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) recommended by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). However, patients on GDMT are likely to possess nephrotoxicity as an adverse effect. We utilized multiple system biology tools like ADVER-Pred, gene enrichment analysis, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, and MMPBSA analysis to predict a possible molecular mechanism of how selected combinations of GDMT may cause nephrotoxicity.
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