Effects of pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow assessed using transcranial doppler: A prospective observational study.

Background And Aims: Laparoscopic lower abdominal surgeries involve carbon dioxide (CO) insufflation and Trendelenburg position. The raised intra-abdominal pressure can increase intracranial pressure (ICP) and alter cerebral blood flow. This study was conducted to determine the effect of pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position on ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) measured using transcranial Doppler (TCD).

Horner's syndrome secondary to T1-T2 intervertebral disc prolapse.

Background: T1-T2 intervertebral disc prolapse (IVDP) is a rare clinical condition. Horner's syndrome is an extremely rare clinical finding in these patients.

Case Description: A 56-year-old man presented with the left C8 T1 radiculopathy, left hand grip weakness, and ipsilateral Horner's syndrome.

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia among breast Cancer patients in a tertiary care hospital: Risk and consequences.

Study Objective: To identify the risk factors that may predispose breast cancer patients to Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) and its associated complications for the years 2018 and 2020. CIN is an established complication of breast cancer treatment. Clinical Pharmacists can play an important role in the treatment of CIN through involvement in risk assessment to identify patients for oral antimicrobial therapy, drug therapy monitoring, and development of suitable guidelines or policies.

Hyperinsulinemia Induced Altered Insulin Signaling Pathway in Muscle of High Fat- and Carbohydrate-Fed Rats: Effect of Exercise.

Insulin resistance is a state of impaired responsiveness to insulin action. This condition not only results in deficient glucose uptake but increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke, and obesity. The present work investigates the molecular mechanisms of high carbohydrate and fat diet in inducing prediabetic hyperinsulinemia and effect of exercise on InsR signaling events, muscular AChE, and lactate dehydrogenase activity.

Four weeks exercise training enhanced the hepatic insulin sensitivity in high fat- and high carbohydrate-diet fed hyperinsulinemic rats.

Aim: Hyperinsulinemia is considered the primary defect underlying the development of type 2 diabetes. The liver is essential for the regular glucose homeostasis. In this study, we examined the effect of physical training on the insulin signaling, oxidative stress enzymes and Glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity in the liver of Wistar rats.

Fatal Theileria orientalis N2 genotype infection among Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in a commercial dairy farm in Kerala, India.

Fifteen dairy buffaloes of a farm in the state of Kerala, India developed fatal oriental theileriosis within 2 months of their procurement. Typical piroplasms of Theileria orientalis were observed in the erythrocytes of all affected animals by Giemsa-Leishman staining of blood smears. Case fatality rate was 87·5% (seven out of eight) in the clinically progressed cases.

Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Imines in Water by Varying the Ratio of Formic Acid to Triethylamine.

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of imines has been performed with variation in formic acid (F) and triethylamine (T) molar ratios in water. The F/T ratio is shown to affect both the reduction rate and enantioselectivity, with the optimum ratio being 1.1 in the ATH of imines with the Rh-(1S,2S)-TsDPEN catalyst.

Temporal association of elevated cholecystokininergic tone and adolescent trauma is critical for posttraumatic stress disorder-like behavior in adult mice.

Adolescent trauma (AT) is a common risk factor for adult-onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the vulnerability to AT among different individuals varies dramatically, indicating that other cofactors are important. Despite extensive studies, the identification of those cofactors has had little success.

Bi-directional effect of cholecystokinin receptor-2 overexpression on stress-triggered fear memory and anxiety in the mouse.

Fear, an emotional response of animals to environmental stress/threats, plays an important role in initiating and driving adaptive response, by which the homeostasis in the body is maintained. Overwhelming/uncontrollable fear, however, represents a core symptom of anxiety disorders, and may disturb the homeostasis. Because to recall or imagine certain cue(s) of stress/threats is a compulsory inducer for the expression of anxiety, it is generally believed that the pathogenesis of anxiety is associated with higher attention (acquisition) selectively to stress or mal-enhanced fear memory, despite that the actual relationship between fear memory and anxiety is not yet really established.

Enhanced NMDAR1, NMDA2B and mGlu5 receptors gene expression in the cerebellum of insulin induced hypoglycaemic and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Glucose homeostasis in humans is an important factor for the functioning of the nervous system. A decrease in glucose content below a minimal level or hypoglycemia is dangerous for cells of the central and peripheral nerve system. In the present study we showed the effects of insulin induced hypoglycaemia and streptozotocin induced diabetes on the cerebellar glutamate receptor subunits and glutamate transporter.

High frequency of connexin26 (GJB2) mutations associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss in the population of Kerala, India.

Objective: Mutations in connexin 26 gene (GJB2) are the most common cause of hearing loss in different populations. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of GJB2 mutations in the population of Kerala, India.

Methods: This study was conducted on the genomic DNA of 86 affected subjects and their relatives from 59 families of Kerala, India.

Rapid detection and characterization of Chikungunya virus by RT-PCR in febrile patients from Kerala, India.

There has been a resurgence and prevalence of fever with symptoms of Chikungunya (CHIK) and increased death toll in Kerala, the southern-most state of India. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid detection method to determine the presence of CHIK- virus in the serum samples collected from febrile patients in Kerala, India. Serum specimens were analyzed for CHIK viral RNA by RT-PCR using primers specific for nsP1 and E1 genes.

Enhanced [3H] glutamate binding in the cerebellum of insulin-induced hypoglycaemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Aim: Energy deprivation causes neuronal death affecting the cognitive and memory ability of an individual. The kinetic parameters of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), the enzyme involved in the production of glutamate, was studied in the cerebellum and liver and the binding parameters of glutamate receptors in the cerebellum of insulin-induced hypoglycaemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were studied to reveal the role of glutamate excitotoxicity.

Methods: A single intrafemoral dose of streptozotocin was administered to induce diabetes.

Decreased [3H] YM-09151-2 binding to dopamine D2 receptors in the hypothalamus, brainstem and pancreatic islets of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

In the present study dopamine was measured in the hypothalamus, brainstem, pancreatic islets and plasma, using HPLC. Dopamine D2 receptor changes in the hypothalamus, brainstem and pancreatic islets were studied using [3H] YM-09151-2 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats. There was a significant decrease in dopamine content in the hypothalamus (P<0.