One-year Results of Health-related and Vision-related Quality of Life After Clear Lens Extraction and Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation.

Purpose: Multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) are effective in treating presbyopia before cataracts develop. This study measured health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) after clear lens extraction (CLE) and MIOL implantation.

Design: Before-and-after study METHODS: Patients were treated in Medilaser Coronaria, CorGroup, Oulu, Finland.

Cataract complications study: an analysis of adverse effects among 14,520 eyes in relation to surgical experience.

Background: To evaluate the learning-curve in performing cataract surgery with respect to developments in technology and different teaching strategies by comparing the incidence of capsular bag-related complications to operator experience.

Methods: A review of the registry of 14,520 cataract surgeries carried out at the Ophthalmology Unit of Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland, from August 8, 2009 to July 31, 2017.

Results: We identified 144 cases with posterior capsule rupture and/or loss of capsular bag support (incidence 0.

Preoperative anti-inflammatory treatment of diabetic patients does not improve recovery from cataract surgery when postoperatively treated with a combination of prednisolone acetate and nepafenac.

Purpose: To examine preoperative anti-inflammatory treatment on recovery from cataract surgery in eyes of diabetic patients.

Methods: A Prospective randomized clinical trial. One hundred and three eyes of 103 patients with diabetes undergoing routine cataract surgery were randomized (1:1) not to receive any preoperative anti-inflammatory medication or to receive preoperative topical anti-inflammatory medication with a combination of prednisolone acetate (10 mg/ml) and nepafenac (1 mg/ml).

Effects of bariatric surgery on retinal microvascular architecture in obese patients.

Study Aim: Retinal microvasculature changes reflect systemic small vessel damage from obesity. The impact of bariatric surgery induced weight loss on the microvasculature is relatively unknown. We hypothesized that weight loss following bariatric surgery would be associated with improved structural changes in the retinal microvasculature, reflecting an overall improvement in microvascular health.

The effect of bariatric surgery on intraocular pressure.

Purpose: Study purpose was to investigate the effects of bariatric surgery on intraocular pressure (IOP) and other ophthalmic parameters in a prospective observational follow-up study.

Methods: Ophthalmic examination was performed on 22 obese women before and 6 months after bariatric surgery. A control group of 15 non-obese age-matched women were studied twice 6 months apart.

Enhanced fatty acid uptake in visceral adipose tissue is not reversed by weight loss in obese individuals with the metabolic syndrome.

Aims/hypothesis: Obesity causes an imbalance in fat mass distribution between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) depots. We tested the hypothesis that this relates to increased NEFA uptake between these depots in obese compared with healthy participants. Second, we hypothesised that a diet very low in energy (very low calorie diet [VLCD]) decreases fat mass in obese participants and that this is associated with the decline in NEFA uptake.

Increased brain fatty acid uptake in metabolic syndrome.

Objective: To test whether brain fatty acid uptake is enhanced in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) and whether weight reduction modifies it.

Research Design And Methods: We measured brain fatty acid uptake in a group of 23 patients with MS and 7 age-matched healthy control subjects during fasting conditions using positron emission tomography (PET) with [(11)C]-palmitate and [(18)F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid ([(18)F]-FTHA). Sixteen MS subjects were restudied after 6 weeks of very low calorie diet intervention.

Contribution of glucose tolerance and gender to cardiac adiposity.

Context And Objective: To examine whether pericardial and myocardial fat depots may contribute to the association between diabetes and cardiovascular risk, including sex-related differences, and the role of adiponectin, we evaluated data in patients with obesity and without diabetes [nondiabetic (ND)] or with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes and in lean ND controls.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy were used to measure left ventricular (LV) function and abdominal sc and visceral fat areas to estimate respective masses, pericardial fat depots, and myocardial triglyceride content in 53 subjects (10 lean ND, 25 obese ND, six impaired-glucose-tolerance, and 12 type 2 diabetic patients with macrovascular disease); gender effects and adiponectin levels were evaluated in the available subset of subjects.

Results: Myocardial and pericardial fat increased progressively across study groups.

Higher free fatty acid uptake in visceral than in abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue in men.

Visceral adipose tissue has been shown to have high lipolytic activity. The aim of this study was to examine whether free fatty acid (FFA) uptake into visceral adipose tissue is enhanced compared to abdominal subcutaneous tissue in vivo. Abdominal adipose tissue FFA uptake was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and [(18)F]-labeled 6-thia-hepta-decanoic acid ([(18)F]FTHA) and fat masses using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 18 healthy young adult males.

Effect of caloric restriction on myocardial fatty acid uptake, left ventricular mass, and cardiac work in obese adults.

Obesity is associated with increased fatty acid uptake in the myocardium, and this may have deleterious effects on cardiac function. The aim of this study was to evaluate how weight loss influences myocardial metabolism and cardiac work in obese adults. Thirty-four obese (mean body mass index 33.

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARgamma2 gene is associated with hepatic glucose uptake during hyperinsulinemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The Ala12 allele of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene (PPARG2) has been associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and increased whole-body and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic subjects. The effect of the Pro12Ala polymorphism on tissue specific insulin sensitivity in subjects with T2DM has not been previously investigated. We studied the effect of the Pro12Ala polymorphism on the rates of whole-body, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous adipose tissue glucose uptake (GU) in T2DM subjects, and the rates of hepatic GU in nondiabetic and T2DM subjects during hyperinsulinemia.

Effect of weight loss on liver free fatty acid uptake and hepatic insulin resistance.

Objective: Weight loss has been shown to decrease liver fat content and whole-body insulin resistance. The current study was conducted to investigate the simultaneous effects of rapid weight reduction with a very-low-calorie diet on liver glucose and fatty acid metabolism and liver adiposity.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that liver insulin resistance and free fatty acid uptake would decrease after weight loss and that they are associated with reduction of liver fat content.

Effects of weight loss on visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue blood-flow and insulin-mediated glucose uptake in healthy obese subjects.

Objective: Rapid weight loss with very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) is known to improve insulin sensitivity and decrease adipose tissue masses. The aim was to investigate the effects of VLCD on adipose tissue regional glucose uptake (rGU) and perfusion and their association with adipokines.

Research Design And Methods: Sixteen healthy obese (body mass index 33+/-1.

Quantification of liver perfusion with [(15)O]H(2)O-PET and its relationship with glucose metabolism and substrate levels.

Background/aims: Hepatic perfusion plays an important role in liver physiology and disease. This study was undertaken to (a) validate the use of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and oxygen-15-labeled water ([(15)O]H(2)O) to quantify hepatic and portal perfusion, and (b) examine relationships between portal perfusion and liver glucose and lipid metabolism.

Methods: Liver [(15)O]H(2)O-PET images were obtained in 14 pigs during fasting or hyperinsulinemia.

Brain white matter expansion in human obesity and the recovering effect of dieting.

Context And Objective: Obesity is associated with several metabolic abnormalities. Recent studies suggest that obesity also affects brain function and is a risk factor for some degenerative brain diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of weight gain and weight loss on brain gray and white matter structure.

Biodistribution of the fatty acid analogue 18F-FTHA: plasma and tissue partitioning between lipid pools during fasting and hyperinsulinemia.

Unlabelled: Alterations of free fatty acid (FA) metabolism in several organs are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodistribution and partitioning of the FA analog, 14(R,S)-(18)F-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid ((18)F-FTHA), across different lipid pools in plasma and in metabolically important organs and its response to insulin.

Methods: Eight anesthetized pigs were studied during fasting or euglycemic insulin stimulation.

Quantification of liver glucose metabolism by positron emission tomography: validation study in pigs.

Background & Aims: The liver is inaccessible to organ balance measurements in humans. To validate [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in the quantification of hepatic glucose uptake (HGU), we determined [(18)F]FDG modeling parameters, lumped constant (LC), and input functions (single arterial versus dual).

Methods: Anesthetized pigs were studied during fasting (n = 6), physiologic (n = 4), and supraphysiologic (n = 4) hyperinsulinemia.

Myocardial triglyceride content and epicardial fat mass in human obesity: relationship to left ventricular function and serum free fatty acid levels.

Context And Objective: Ectopic fat accumulation within and around the myocardial wall has been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart disease in obesity. We evaluated myocardial and epicardial fat, left ventricular (LV) function, and metabolic risk factors in nine (five lean, four moderately obese) men.

Methods: Myocardial fat percent was quantified in the septum by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

18F-FDG assessment of glucose disposal and production rates during fasting and insulin stimulation: a validation study.

Unlabelled: The glucose analog (18)F-FDG is commonly used to quantify regional glucose uptake in vivo. The aim of this study was to test whether the analysis of plasma (18)F-FDG kinetics could be used to estimate endogenous glucose production (EGP) and the total rate of appearance (Ra), total rate of disappearance (Rd), and the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucose.

Methods: Fourteen pigs were coinjected with (18)F-FDG and 6,6-(2)H-glucose ((2)H-G) during fasting (n = 6) and during physiologic (1.

[11C]palmitate kinetics across the splanchnic bed in arterial, portal and hepatic venous plasma during fasting and euglycemic hyperinsulinemia.

Purpose: The liver is fundamental in regulating lipid metabolism, and it supplies fatty acids (FA) to the rest of the body in the form of triglycerides (TG); the time-related relevance of this process is incompletely defined. The aim of the study was to investigate the appearance of labeled TG in the hepatic vascular bed after [11C]palmitate injection during fasting and insulin stimulation.

Methods: Plasma [11C]palmitate kinetics in arterial, portal and hepatic venous lipid fractions was studied in eight anesthetized pigs during fasting or euglycemic hyperinsulinemia.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta gene are associated with skeletal muscle glucose uptake.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to a superfamily of nuclear receptors. It includes PPAR-delta, a key regulator of fatty acid oxidation and energy uncoupling, universally expressed in different tissues. The PPAR-delta gene (PPARD) maps to 6p21.

Rosiglitazone treatment increases subcutaneous adipose tissue glucose uptake in parallel with perfusion in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized study with metformin.

Context: We have shown that rosiglitazone increases whole-body and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in humans.

Objective: The aim of this study was to further examine whether possible changes in adipose perfusion could explain increased adipose tissue glucose uptake (GU).

Patients: Thirty-seven patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were included.

The effect of the Ala12 allele of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene on skeletal muscle glucose uptake depends on obesity: a positron emission tomography study.

Context: The Pro(12)Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with insulin sensitivity. Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance, but the association of the Pro(12)Ala polymorphism with body weight has been controversial. Furthermore, obesity may modulate the effect of this polymorphism on insulin sensitivity.