The Nephrotoxicity of Drugs Used in Causal Oncological Therapies.

In recent years, a dynamic development of oncology has been observed, resulting from the increasingly frequent occurrence of neoplasms and therefore, increasing population of patients. The most effective form of therapy for cancer patients is complex multidisciplinary specialized disease management, including nephro-oncology care. Different forms of renal function impairment are frequently diagnosed in cancer patients.

Continuous renal replacement therapy as a treatment of selected acute intoxications.

The methods of extracorporeal elimination remain a particularly useful therapy of selected, most severe intoxications caused by drugs and other chemical substances. The hemodialysis (HD) is the most commonly used therapy, which results from the widest availability of this method. However, due to the gradual spread of modern continuous dialysis techniques, continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) in particular creates a new opportunity of treatment of severe intoxications - especially in patients with cardiovascular complications.

[Sepsis - still valid economic and epidemiological problem].

The recognition of sepsis is connected with potentially bad prognosis, high mortality rate and high costs of the therapy. A new definition of sepsis was introduced in 2016. The main role of dysfunction of organs in the course of infection, the potential threat for life and necessity to perform quick diagnosis result from this definition.

Changes of peritoneal transport parameters with time on dialysis: assessment with sequential peritoneal equilibration test.

Background: Sequential peritoneal equilibration test (sPET) is based on the consecutive performance of the peritoneal equilibration test (PET, 4-hour, glucose 2.27%) and the mini-PET (1-hour, glucose 3.86%), and the estimation of peritoneal transport parameters with the 2-pore model.

Peritoneal Fluid Transport rather than Peritoneal Solute Transport Associates with Dialysis Vintage and Age of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

During peritoneal dialysis (PD), the peritoneal membrane undergoes ageing processes that affect its function. Here we analyzed associations of patient age and dialysis vintage with parameters of peritoneal transport of fluid and solutes, directly measured and estimated based on the pore model, for individual patients. Thirty-three patients (15 females; age 60 (21-87) years; median time on PD 19 (3-100) months) underwent sequential peritoneal equilibration test.

Can the three pore model correctly describe peritoneal transport of protein?

The three pore model (3PM) includes large pores for the description of protein leak to the peritoneal cavity during peritoneal dialysis. However, the reliability of this description has been not fully tested against clinical data yet. Peritoneal transport parameters were estimated using 3PM, extended 3p model (with estimation of fraction of large pores, ext3PM), ext3PM with modified size of pores and proteins (mext3PM), and simplified two pore (2PM, small and ultrasmall pores) models for 32 patients on peritoneal dialysis investigated using the sequential peritoneal equilibration test (consecutive peritoneal equilibration test [PET]: glucose 2.

Sequential peritoneal equilibration test: a new method for assessment and modelling of peritoneal transport.

Background: In spite of many peritoneal tests proposed, there is still a need for a simple and reliable new approach for deriving detailed information about peritoneal membrane characteristics, especially those related to fluid transport.

Methods: The sequential peritoneal equilibration test (sPET) that includes PET (glucose 2.27%, 4 h) followed by miniPET (glucose 3.

Albuminuria and hyperhomocysteinemia as cardiovascular risk factors in potentially healthy soldiers: A long-term observation.

Background: To assess the relations between albuminuria and selected cardiovascular risk factors.

Material/methods: The study population comprised 200 apparently healthy soldiers aged 28.8±8.

Acute kidney failure complicating carbon monoxide poisoning.

Background: Carbon monoxide, albeit common, is rarely associated with renal failure. We report a case of CO-associated kidney failure requiring short-term dialysis.

Case Report: A 33 year-old male was found unconscious in a bathroom equipped with a propane-gas heater.

Efficacy of peritoneal dialysis during infusion and drainage procedures.

Background: Inadequate dialysis is still a major cause of technique failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Mathematical models provide the possibility of direct and precise assessment of peritoneal transport of urea and creatinine throughout the dwell and allow calculation of optimal schedules, dwell times, and predicted adequacy of a prescribed regimen. Kinetic modeling is particularly important for automated PD.

[Transperitoneal transport of water and substances--between theory and practice].

The practical use of the own method of prediction of peritoneal dialysis adequacy, based on direct assessment of transperitoneal transport, has been presented in this study.

[Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis as a serious complication of peritoneal dialysotherapy--current opinions on treatment and prevention].

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but serious complication of peritoneal dialysis program. It is characterised by high mortality. This article is a review of current knowledge concerning procedures in EPS.

[Extended assessment of peritoneal transport kinetics of substances and water as an important element of integrated dialysis care].

Unlabelled: The concept of integrated dialysis care is based on the choice of the most optimal method of renal replacement therapy for particular patient in particular period of disease. In many cases peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the initial therapy. PD modalities and regimens are modified according to values of parameters of ultrafiltration and adequacy.

Efficacy of automated peritoneal dialysis: from minimum to optimum.

The aim of the study was assessment of theoretical possibilities of the Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) optimization. The analysis of influence of dwells number modification and peritoneal transport character on Nightly Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (NIPD) efficacy and adequacy was performed. In the study the alternative method of theoretical foreseeing of peritoneal dialysis efficacy and adequacy was applied.

[Empirical therapy of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients--it is reasonable to use a new therapeutic schedule?].

The Ad Hoc Advisory Committee on Peritonitis Management recommended in the year 2000 a new protocol of empirical peritonitis therapy in patients on peritoneal dialysis with preserved residual renal function (RRF). This protocol comprises 1st and 3rd generation cephalosporins. According to these recommendations the old protocol of therapy, comprising 1st generation cephalosporin and aminoglycoside may be used only in patients with diuresis lower than 100 ml/day.

[Mathematical analysis of the possibilities of automated peritoneal dialysis optimization].

The aim of the study was assessment of theoretical possibilities of the Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) optimization. The analysis of influence of dwells number modification and peritoneal transport character on Nightly Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (NIPD) efficacy and adequacy was performed. 20 patients were included in the study.

[Does the treatment of peritonitis affect residual renal function in CAPD?].

The aim of the study was a retrospective analysis of potentially negative influence of aminoglycosides on RRF in patients with peritonitis in course of CAPD program. From the group of 47 patients of our center who were treated because of peritonitis in years 1991-2000 we finally selected 11 persons with preserved RRF in whom 16 incidents of peritonitis were revealed. The mean value of RRF in this group was 1.

[The significance of adequacy for success of an automated peritoneal dialysis program].

The dynamic development of APD causes the increasing importance of issues regarding the adequacy of this renal replacement therapy method. Basic parameters of effective dialysis are still Kt/V and weekly creatinine clearance. The lack of steady state of substance concentration in different body compartments is a potential cause of mistakes in calculation of APD adequacy kinetic parameters.

[Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: is long-term therapy possible?].

The aim of this study was an analysis of long-term results of CAPD. 12 patients treated with CAPD over 5 years were analysed retrospectively. The most common cause of end-stage renal disease, present in 8 patients, was diabetes nephropathy.

[Long-term evaluation results for adequacy of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in patients with diabetes].

The aim of the study was to analyze CAPD adequacy using own scoring including three groups of parameters: "Adequest" parameters, clinical and biochemical indices. The studied population comprised 17 patients treated with CAPD: 12 DN patients, in this number 6 female and 6 male, aged 44 +/- 10.9 years, treated with CAPD for 47 +/- 10.

[Peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: twenty years of center's experience].

Twenty years of our experiences in diagnosis and treatment of peritonitis in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are presented. Special attention was put on reduction of frequency and efficacy of treatment improvement of this complication. Influence of peritonitis on peritoneal transport and dialysis adequacy was also analyzed.

[Cardiovascular complications versus adequacy and peritoneal transport characteristics in CAPD patients].

The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of cardiovascular status and basic parameters of adequacy and peritoneal transport in CAPD patients. 15 persons treated with CAPD over 2 years were included in the study. Cardiovascular status at the beginning and at the end of observation was assessed using the own scoring.

[Infection in the dialysis unit as a contributing factor to the problem of hospital acquired infections].

Hospital acquired infections are especially dangerous for patients with chronic renal insufficiency. An epidemic of hospital acquired infection of dramatic course in described in 13 patients (8 being on haemodialysis (HD) and 5 treated conservatively), with 15 episodes of septic syndrome (12 cases) or septic shock (3 cases). Initial cultures of blood, urine and pharyngeal swabs were positive only in 5 patients treated conservatively.