1--alkyl-glycerols from Squid Reduce Inflammation and Modify Fatty Acid and Plasmalogen Metabolism in Asthma Associated with Obesity.

Asthma associated with obesity is considered the most severe phenotype and can be challenging to manage with standard medications. Marine-derived 1--alkyl-glycerols (AGs), as precursors for plasmalogen synthesis, have high biological activity, making them a promising substance for pharmacology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AGs from squid on lung function, fatty acid and plasmalogen levels, and cytokine and adipokine production in obese patients with asthma.

The Effect of Copper on the Microstructure, Wear and Corrosion Resistance of CoCrCuFeNi High-Entropy Alloys Manufactured by Powder Metallurgy.

This paper focuses on the microstructure, phase composition, mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in the CoCrCuFeNi system depending on copper content, which was varied from 0 to 20 at. % with an increment of 5%. CoCrCuFeNi alloys were manufactured by powder metallurgy methods: mechanical alloying and hot pressing of element mixtures.

[The pathophysiological role of adipokines in the development of bronchial asthma combined with obesity].

The combined course of bronchial asthma (BA) and obesity is one of the urgent medical and social problems that requires a comprehensive and careful study in connection with a decrease in the quality of life of such patients, an increase in the frequency, duration of hospitalization and a high economic burden for the state as a whole. The relationship between BA and obesity is now confirmed by numerous studies, at the same time, despite the variability of the proposed mechanisms of pathogenetic effects of obesity on asthma, metabolic aspects of the relationship of these diseases need further study. Adipose tissue hormones are responsible for the energy homeostasis of the body therefore, excessive accumulation of adipose tissue is accompanied by the development of an imbalance in metabolic processes in various organs and tissues.

Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Membranes and Smartphone for Detection of Contamination in Cereals.

The combination of the generic mobile technology and inherent stability, versatility and cost-effectiveness of the synthetic receptors allows producing optical sensors for potentially any analyte of interest, and, therefore, to qualify as a platform technology for a fast routine analysis of a large number of contaminated samples. To support this statement, we present here a novel miniature sensor based on a combination of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membranes and a smartphone, which could be used for the point-of-care detection of an important food contaminant, oestrogen-like toxin zearalenone associated with contamination of cereals. The detection is based on registration of natural fluorescence of zearalenone using a digital smartphone camera after it binds to the sensor recognition element.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in Asthma.

The complexity of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of chronic inflammation in asthma determines its heterogeneity and insufficient treatment effectiveness. Nuclear transcription factors, which include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, that is, PPARs, play an important role in the regulation of initiation and resolution of the inflammatory process. The ability of PPARs to modulate not only lipid homeostasis but also the activity of the inflammatory response makes them an important pathogenetic target in asthma therapy.

The influence of weather and climate on patients with respiratory diseases in Vladivostok as a global health implication.

Purpose: To identify the formation of meteopathic reactions in patients with respiratory diseases under the influence of extreme weather changes in Vladivostok.

Methods: The short-term meteopathic reaction in patients with respiratory diseases to the impact of "Weather Complex", consisting of nine weather parameters, on the day of patient's examination and on 1 and 2 days before the examination, was assessed. 146 acclimatized residents of Vladivostok (29 patients with chronic bronchitis, 51 patients with controlled asthma, 39 patients with uncontrolled asthma and 27 healthy volunteers) were examined.

Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in the Pathophysiology of Asthma.

Asthma is one of the most important medical and social problems of our time due to the prevalence and the complexity of its treatment. Chronic inflammation that is characteristic of asthma is accompanied by bronchial obstruction, which involves various lipid mediators produced from n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The review is devoted to modern ideas about the PUFA metabolites-eicosanoids (leukotrienes, prostaglandins, thromboxanes) and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) maresins, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins.

Functional state of the small airways in patients with bronchial asthma associated with obesity.

Aim: To assess the functional status of the small Airways in patients with bronchial asthma associated with obesity, by body plethysmography.

Materials And Methods: 65 patients with bronchial asthma of mild severity, partially controlled course, including 30 patients with normal body weight and 35 patients with obesity of I degree were examined. Control group-30 healthy volunteers.

Molecular Targets of Fatty Acid Ethanolamides in Asthma.

Asthma is a common allergic pathology of the respiratory tract that requires the study of mechanisms underlying it, due to severe forms of the disease, which are refractory to therapy. The review is devoted to the search for molecular targets of fatty acid ethanolamides in asthma, in particular palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which has been successfully used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, in the pathogenesis of which the nervous and immune systems are involved. Recently, the potentially important role of neuro-immune interactions in the development of allergic reactions has been established.

[Plasmalogenes in the pathophysiology and therapy of age-specific diseases.].

The pathogenesis of age-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease is associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Violation of redox homeostasis is accompanied by the development of peroxisome dysfunction and impaired biosynthesis of plasmalogens, which can be closely related to the aging process and the development of age-dependent pathology. Reflecting the functional activity of peroxisomes, plasmalogens can serve not only as potential biomarkers of diseases associated with oxidative stress and aging, but also as an important therapeutic target.

[The influence of trans-cranial electrical stimulation on the cells of the macrophagal system of the women presenting with the climacteric syndrome].

Background: The search for the harmless and effective methods for the drug-free correction of various vegetovascular manifestations associated with the climacteric syndrome (CS) is currently a serious challenge facing modern medicine. Dysfunction of the ovaries during the perimenopause is characterized by the impaired production of sex steroids. The estrogens and progesterone, in their turn, are able to interact with macrophages via the specific receptors of steroid hormones localized on the surface of these cells.

Impact evaluation of environmental factors on respiratory function of asthma patients living in urban territory.

Background: Environmental pollution, local climatic conditions and their association with the prevalence and exacerbation of asthma are topics of intense current medical investigation.

Materials And Methods: Air pollution in the area of Vladivostock was estimated both by the index of emission volumes of "air gaseous components" (nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide) in urban atmosphere and by mass spectrometric analysis of precipitates in snow samples. A total of 172 local asthma patients (101 controlled-asthma patients-CAP and 71 non-controlled asthma patients - nCAP) were evaluated with the use of spirometry and body plethysmography.

The Mechanisms of the Regulation of Immune Response in Patients with Comorbidity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma.

. Comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma (asthma COPD overlap syndrome, ACOS) is a significant problem in pulmonary practice, whose pathogenetic issues are not clarified yet. .

[Blood fatty acids in the development and correction of metabolic syndrome].

Aim: to investigate the composition of plasma fatty acids (FA) and red blood cells and the level of eicosanoids in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to assess whether metabolic disturbances may be corrected during a cycle use of an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).

Subjects And Methods: Examinations were made in 46 patients, including Group 1 (a control group) of 15 persons without MS components; Group 2 of 31 patients with MS, Group 3 of 16 MS patients who had taken an ω-3 PUFA for 6 months, and Group 4 of 15 MS patients who had received the drug for 12 months. The composition of plasma FA and red blood cells was analyzed on a gas-liquid chromatograph.

Beta-amylase gene variability in introgressive wheat lines.

Variability of the beta-amylase gene in bread wheat, artificial amphidiploids, and derived introgression wheat lines was analyzed. Variation in homeologous beta-amylase sequences caused by the presence of MITE (Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Element) and its footprint has been identified in bread wheat. The previously unknown location of MITE in Triticum urartu and T.

[MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS OF HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME GROUP 5 OF INTROGRESSIVE WHEAT LINES TRITICUM AESTIVUM/AMBLYOPYRUM MUTICUM].

Introgressive hybridization of common wheat is still one of the most effective way of wheat genome enrichment with resistance genes to stresses. In this context, T genome of Amblyopyrum muticum is a promising one for such wheat improvement. Genome substitution amphidiploid Aurotica (AABBTT) with A and B subgenomes from common wheat cultivar Aurora and with T subgenome from Amblyopyrum muticum is characterized by high level of cold resistance.

Relationship between RNA/DNA ratio, growth rate and accumulation of selenium in the cells of wheat leaves under the influence of minerals analcime and trepel.

We studied specific effects of different doses of natural minerals--analcime (An) and trepel (Tr)--on the growth rate, selenium (Se) content and functional activity of the genome of wheat leaves measured by the RNA/DNA ratio. Our results show that under the influence of An and Tr, especially at low doses (25 mg/100 g sand), there is a significant increase in the content of Se, increased growth rate of leaves of wheat seedlings and decreased RNA/DNA ratio. We have found significant correlations between studied parameters.

[MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD CELL MITOCHONDRIA IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA].

We undertook a structural and functional study of blood cell mitochondria in 25 patients with controlled mild bronchial asthma (BA) including evaluation of blood saturation with oxygen, carboxyhemoglobin level in blood and carbon monoxide content in the exhaled air. Membrane potential of leukocyte mitochondria was determined based on the results of flow cytofluorimetry and fatty acid (FA) composition in platelet mitochondrial membranes measured by GLC. It was shown that the absence of clinical symptoms of BA during remission was associated with a reduction of membrane potential and a change of FA composition resulting in the depletion of the basal pool of saturated (12:0, 14:0, 18:0) and polyunsaturated (20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, 22:4n-6) FA.

Genetic analysis of artificial Triticinae amphidiploid Aurotica based on the glaucousness trait.

Changes in plant genomes of hybrid origin which become apparent on different levels of phenotypic manifestation of genetic and epigenetic changes are an important object of cytogenetics and molecular genetics. The changes in expression of the glaucousness trait in the artificial Triticinae amphidiploid Aurotica (AABBTT) were investigated; haplotypes of plants with the appearance of glaucous and non-glaucous genes were determined by hybridization experiments. It was supported that the changes in expression can be explained by (epi)mutations abolishing the efficiency of dominant alleles of orthologous series of glaucous inhibitor gene Iw.

Modification of the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Background: Early preclinical diagnosis of COPD is urgent. We proposed that fatty acid composition of red blood cells may serve as a prognostic test for the complications in the chronic respiratory diseases. Fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membranes in patients with chronic respiratory diseases (chronic bronchitis, CB, and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) was studied.

Composition of fatty acids in plasma and erythrocytes and eicosanoids level in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Background: Disturbances of the fatty acids composition in plasma and red blood cells and eicosanoid synthesis play an important role in the metabolic syndrome (MS) formation.

Methods: The observation group included 61 people with metabolic syndrome (30 patients with MS and normal levels of insulin, 31 people with MS and insulin resistance--IR). The parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in blood serum were examined.

Modification of fatty acids composition in erythrocytes lipids in arterial hypertension associated with dyslipidemia.

Background: Modification of fatty acids (FA) composition in erythrocytes lipids as an early indicator of the development of arterial hypertension (AH) and lipid disorders.

Methods: We included 34 patients with arterial hypertension and 11 healthy individuals. Each patient was examined the lipid composition of serum.

Genome structure of introgressive lines Triticum aestivum/Aegilops sharonensis.

The lines Triticum aestivum/Aegilops sharonensis were explored in regard to the presence of introgressions in the line genomes, their amount and belonging to definite homoeologic group. The results of studying of chromosome associations in M1 of pollen mother celles in the hybrids between the lines with each other and with recurrent common wheat genotype Avrora were compared with the data of the line assessment for the chromosomal biochemical and morphological markers. 26 lines were distinguished between six groups with specific genome rearrangement regard to recurrent genotype.