Variable patterns of the cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of the foot and its clinical implication.

Background: The superficial sensory nerves are at great risk for injury from lacerations and operative incisions. Precise knowledge regarding the course and distribution of sensory nerves over the dorsum of foot is important to avoid iatrogenic damage by surgeons who are planning the surgical intervention around the distal leg, ankle and foot. The objective of the study is to report the variation in the branching pattern and distribution of the cutaneous nerves over the dorsum of foot.

Cadaveric Study on Morphology of Dorsal Interossei of Hand and its Anatomical Variation.

Introduction: The dorsal interossei are the abductors of the fingers and the knowledge of its variation help the surgeon in treatment of fractures, claw hand and compartment syndromes.

Aim: To note the origin, insertion, pattern of muscle fibres and tendon length of all the dorsal interossei of hand.

Materials And Methods: Routinely dissected 30 formalin fixed hand in the Department of Anatomy, KMC, Manipal, were observed for origin, insertion and tendon length and muscle pattern of dorsal interossei.

A Study of Physicochemical Properties of Subcutaneous Fat of the Abdomen and its Implication in Abdominal Obesity.

Introduction: The lower abdominal obesity is more resistant to absorption as compared to that of upper abdomen. Differences in the physicochemical properties of the subcutaneous fat of the upper and lower abdomen may be responsible for this variation. There is paucity of the scientific literature on the physicochemical properties of the subcutaneous fat of abdomen.

Morphometric Study of Anterior Clinoid Process and Optic Strut and the Ossification of Carotico-Clinoid Ligament with their Clinical Importance.

Introduction: Knowledge about the ossification of the Carotico-Clinoid Foramen (CCF), as it forms a potential site for compression of the internal carotid artery may be beneficial for neurosurgeons and radiologists.

Aim: To obtain a detailed knowledge of morphometry of Anterior Clinoid Process (ACP) and Optic Strot (OS) and the type of ossification of CCF which would be necessary to increase the success of surgeries related to the cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery.

Materials And Methods: Parameters such as the length of ACP from its base to the tip, the width at its base and the distance between the tip of ACP to optic strut were measured in mm using digital calipers.

Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves protect the pre-pubertal spermatogonial cells from cyclophosphamide-induced damage.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Moringa oleifera Lam. is widely cultivated in Asian and African countries for its medicinal and dietary significance. The leaves are highly nutritious and are known to possess various biological activities.

Anatomical Study on the Variations in the Branching Pattern of Internal Iliac Artery.

The internal iliac artery (IIA) arises from the common iliac artery at the level of the sacroiliac joint. It descends as trunk, divides into anterior and posterior divisions. From the anterior division it gives superior vesical, obturator, middle rectal, inferior vesical, inferior gluteal, and internal pudendal arteries.

Superficial Ulnar Artery: A Case Report of its Unusual Course.

After arising from the brachial artery in the cubital fossa the ulnar artery usually passes deep into the superficial flexor muscles of the forearm. In the lower two-thirds, it typically follows a sub-fascial course. In the present case, during a routine undergraduate course dissection of a cadaver, it was found that the ulnar artery arose normally as a terminal branch of the brachial artery in the cubital fossa, followed a sub-fascial course by lying superficial to the flexor muscles then completed the superficial palmar arch in hand.

Multiple variations in the branches of the coeliac trunk.

Here we present a unique case of variation in the branching pattern of the coeliac trunk. In the present case, the coeliac trunk was replaced by two separate arterial trunks. The first arterial trunk bifurcated into the left gastric and the left hepatic arteries.

A Cadaveric Study about the Anomolous Origin of Testicular Arteries Arising from the Accessory Renal Arteries.

Testicular arteries are paired vessels, arising from the abdominal aorta, at the level of second lumbar vertebra. Variations in the origin of these vessels highlight a potential importance regarding the vascular supply to the gonads and kidneys. This study was designed to assess the variations in the origin, course, and distance about the point of origin of the testicular arteries.

Unilateral anatomical variation of the ansa cervicalis.

The ansa cervicalis is a loop of nerves that is usually formed by the union of ventral rami of spinal nerves C1, C2, and C3. It is located in the carotid triangle of the neck, lying superficial to the carotid sheath. During routine dissection, unilateral variation of the ansa cervicalis was observed.

A study on the human pancreaticobiliary duct system and ampulla region with their clinical considerations.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to present the variations of the pancreatic duct system and hepatopancreatic ampulla so that an awareness of these variations may help in surgical planning and prevention of ductal injury.

Methods: Forty human pancreatic specimens were used to study the duct pattern of the pancreas and the formation and mode of termination of the pancreatic ducts. Also, the patency of the main pancreatic ducts, length of the hepatopancreatic ampulla, and length of the main pancreatic duct were measured.

A morphological and morphometric study of proximal and distal ends of dry radii with its clinical implications.

Background: Knowledge of the size and shape of radial head is essential for construction of radial head prosthesis. Further, the measurements of bicipital tuberosity and its angular relationship to radial head are significant in surgical techniques, like in the reconstruction of biceps tendon. Even the morphometry of the distal radius is significant in numerous clinical orthopedic situations such as reduction of distal radius fractures and in the design of distal radius prosthesis.

An unorthodox innervation of the gluteus maximus muscle and other associated variations: A case report.

Knowledge of peripheral nerve morphology, location, and variation is important for facilitating appropriate diagnosis and intervention. We present a unique case of absence of the inferior gluteal nerve and high division of the sciatic nerve. In this instance, the common peroneal nerve was found piercing the piriformis muscle and emerging distally in the form of two trunks: thin medial and thick lateral.

A morphological and morphometric study of jugular foramen in dry skulls with its clinical implications.

Objective: Jugular foramen of human skull is one of the most interesting foramina. It is a complex bony canal, numerous vital structures, including nerves and vessels are transmitted through it. Most of the intracranial and extra cranial lesions of posterior cranial fossa might affect the structures in jugular foramen in addition to intrinsic abnormalities.

Methyl parathion inhibits the nuclear maturation, decreases the cytoplasmic quality in oocytes and alters the developmental potential of embryos of Swiss albino mice.

Methyl parathion (MP) is one of the most commonly used and extremely toxic organophosphorous group of pesticide. A large number of studies in the literature suggest that it has adverse effects on the male reproductive system. However, there is limited information about its toxicity to the female reproductive system.

An unusual right popliteal vein aneurysm in an adult cadaver: A case report.

The incidence of venous aneurysm is less than arterial aneurysms. Most are incidental findings with no major clinical significance. However, popliteal vein aneurysms (PVA) may be potentially life threatening, as they can be a source of pulmonary embolism and potentially even death.

A rare case of craniofacial morphology with absent face and neck structures, with its review.

The development of the head and the face requires an intimate interaction between two mesenchymal populations, a paraxial mesoderm and neural crest cells for the morphogenesis of the musculoskeletal components of the calvaria, the face and the branchial regions. The disruptions in these interactions can cause foetal fatalities or congenital craniofacial anomalies. We are describing a rarest case with a craniofacial malformation, who was born with complete absence of the facial skeleton and the neck structures, a set of well developed ears in their normal locations and eyelids at the junction between the head and the thorax.

Anatomical variations in the emergence of the cutaneous nerves from the nerve point in the neck and identification of the landmarks to locate the nerve point with its clinical implications: a cadaveric study on South Indian human foetuses.

Objective: The cutaneous nerves from the cervical plexuses are anaesthetized by using local anaesthetics for pain relief or when minor surgical operations are performed. Knowing the variations in these nerves is important for anaestheticists to administer an effective anaesthesia to a particular nerve. So, the aim of this study was to look for the variations in the emerging patterns of the cervical cutaneous nerves in the neck and to locate the nerve point in the neck by using the superficial landmarks.

Anatomical variations in the left coronary artery and its branches.

Introduction: Proficiency in the anatomy of coronary arteries and their variations is important for proper interpretation of coronary angiographies. The left coronary artery (LCA) commonly originates at the level of the left posterior aortic sinus and normally bifurcates into the anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery. This study aimed to determine the variations in the LCA and its branches.

Human cadaveric study of the morphology of the basilar artery.

Introduction: Nourishment for the brain, a highly vascular organ, is derived from a unique structure called the 'circle of Willis', which is formed by the terminal branches of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and basilar arteries (BAs). The circle of Willis forms an anastomotic link between the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems in the arterial supply of the brain, while the BA forms an important component of the brain's posterior circulation and supplies its many vital parts.

Methods: A study was performed on 20 brain specimens used for routine dissections at the Anatomy Department, Kasturba Medical College, in order to examine the morphology of BAs in the brain.