Management of twin-reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies characterized by placental anastomoses between a normally developed twin and an acardiac mass. Though several treatment modalities exist, the optimal management strategy is unclear. This study aims to compare the various treatment strategies for TRAP sequence.

A cluster randomized trial of xylitol chewing gum for prevention of preterm birth: The PPaX trial.

Background: Maternal periodontal disease is associated with preterm and low-birthweight deliveries, but randomized trials of likely efficacious treatments (e.g., dental scaling and root planing) during pregnancy have not reduced these adverse outcomes.

Placental gene therapy in nonhuman primates: a pilot study of maternal, placental, and fetal response to non-viral, polymeric nanoparticle delivery of IGF1.

Currently, there are no placenta-targeted treatments to alter the in utero environment for administration to pregnant women who receive a diagnosis of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Water-soluble polymers have a distinguished record of clinical relevance outside of pregnancy. We have demonstrated the effective delivery of polymer-based nanoparticles containing a non-viral human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) transgene to correct placental insufficiency in small animal models of FGR.

Discrete placental gene expression signatures accompany diabetic disease classifications during pregnancy.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus affects up to 10% of pregnancies and is classified into subtypes gestational diabetes subtype A1 (GDMA1) (managed by lifestyle modifications) and gestational diabetes subtype A2 (GDMA2) (requiring medication). However, whether these subtypes are distinct clinical entities or more reflective of an extended spectrum of normal pregnancy endocrine physiology remains unclear.

Objective: Integrated bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomics harbors the potential to reveal disease gene signatures in subsets of cells and tissue microenvironments.

Are Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea During Pregnancy Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea complicates 10% to 32% or greater of pregnancies, however, reports on long-term effects on the children of pregnancies affected by obstructive sleep apnea are limited.

Objective: We sought to test the hypothesis that the children of pregnant people with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea during pregnancy have an increased incidence of autism spectrum disorder.

Methods: This was a case-control study comparing the pregnancies of people whose children were later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder without a known associated genetic condition to those whose children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder with a known associated genetic condition.

Cotyledon-Specific Flow Evaluation of Rhesus Macaque Placental Injury Using Ferumoxytol Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI.

Background: Recently, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI with ferumoxytol as contrast agent has recently been introduced for the noninvasive assessment of placental structure and function throughout. However, it has not been demonstrated under pathological conditions.

Purpose: To measure cotyledon-specific rhesus macaque maternal placental blood flow using ferumoxytol DCE MRI in a novel animal model for local placental injury.

Surgical transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine at cesarean: a pilot randomized trial.

Background: Postcesarean pain control is challenging. In addition to intrathecal morphine, recent studies have shown that liposomal bupivacaine administered via conventional transversus abdominis plane block reduces postcesarean opioid use. However, whether the administration of liposomal bupivacaine via a surgical approach also reduces opioid use is unknown.

Indications, Resource Allocation, and Outcomes Associated with Ex-Utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures: A North American Fetal Therapy Network Survey.

Introduction: Neonates with cardiorespiratory compromise at delivery are at substantial risk of hypoxic neurologic injury and death. Though mitigation strategies such as ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) exist, the competing interests of neonatal beneficence, maternal non-maleficence, and just distribution of resources require consideration. Due to the rarity of these entities, there are few systematic data to guide evidence-based standards.

Frequent first-trimester pregnancy loss in rhesus macaques infected with African-lineage Zika virus.

In the 2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic, a previously unrecognized risk of birth defects surfaced in babies whose mothers were infected with Asian-lineage ZIKV during pregnancy. Less is known about the impacts of gestational African-lineage ZIKV infections. Given high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burdens in regions where African-lineage ZIKV circulates, we evaluated whether pregnant rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have a higher risk of African-lineage ZIKV-associated birth defects.

Clinical application of a previously validated pregnancy-specific screening tool for sleep apnea in a cohort with a high prevalence of obesity.

Objective: The purpose of this project was to determine the positive predictive value of existing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening tools in clinical use, in a real-world clinical population of gravidae, and to explore the development of a new questionnaire for screening for OSA during pregnancy.

Methods: Pregnant people were administered sleep screening questionnaires as part of routine clinical care. These included Facco's four variable OSA screening tool, the STOP-BANG, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

Immunogenicity and safety of a 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine administered as a 2 + 1 schedule to healthy infants in The Gambia: a single-centre, double-blind, active-controlled, randomised, phase 3 trial.

Background: Three pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are currently licensed and WHO prequalified for supply by UN agencies. Here, we aimed to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of SIIPL-PCV compared with PHiD-CV and PCV13, when administered to infants according to a 2 + 1 schedule.

Methods: This single-centre, double-blind, active-controlled, randomised, phase 3 trial was done in Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine clinical trial facilities within two government health centres in the western region of The Gambia.

Racial disparities in post-operative pain experience and treatment following cesarean birth.

Objective: To evaluate racial/ethnic differences in post-operative pain experience and opioid medication use (morphine milligram equivalent) in the first 24 h following cesarean birth.

Methods: This study was a single-center retrospective cohort of birthing persons who underwent cesarean deliveries between 1/1/16 and 12/31/17. A total of 2,228 cesarean deliveries were analyzed.

Symptom-associated alterations in functional connectivity in primary and secondary provoked vestibulodynia.

Primary provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is marked by the onset of symptoms at first provoking vulvar contact, whereas secondary PVD refers to symptom onset after some period of painless vulvar contact. Different pathophysiological processes are believed to be involved in the development and maintenance of primary PVD and secondary PVD. The primary aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that the resting state functional connectivity of the brain and brain stem regions differs between these subtypes.

Fetal loss in pregnant rhesus macaques infected with high-dose African-lineage Zika virus.

Countermeasures against Zika virus (ZIKV), including vaccines, are frequently tested in nonhuman primates (NHP). Macaque models are important for understanding how ZIKV infections impact human pregnancy due to similarities in placental development. The lack of consistent adverse pregnancy outcomes in ZIKV-affected pregnancies poses a challenge in macaque studies where group sizes are often small (4-8 animals).

Shift work and sleep duration are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in a predominantly Latinx population with high rates of obesity.

Background: Shift work has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between sleep disturbances and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods And Findings: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective study of participants enrolled in a prospective observational study wherein gravidae were screened for sleep apnea (2010-2012).

Continuous positive airway pressure treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and hypertensive complications in high-risk pregnancy.

Purpose: To evaluate whether or not continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in pregnancies complicated by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a decrease in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of perinatal outcomes in women who underwent objective OSA testing and treatment as part of routine clinical care during pregnancy. Where diagnostic criteria for OSA were reached (respiratory event index (REI) ≥ 5 events per hour), patients were offered CPAP therapy.

Recent advances in electrochemical sensor developments for detecting emerging pollutant in water environment.

In the latest times, considerable studies have been performed closer to detecting emerging pollutant such as paracetamol in wastewater. Electrochemical sensor developments have recently started to determine in fewer concentrations effectively. The detection of paracetamol using standard protocols corresponding to electroanalytical techniques has a greater impact noticed in directing the detecting process toward biosensors.

Documented -Lactam Allergy and Risk for Cesarean Surgical Site Infection.

Objective: To examine the relationship between documented -lactam allergy and cesarean delivery (CD) surgical site infection (SSI). . We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women who underwent CD at Ben Taub Hospital and Texas Children's Pavilion for Women (Houston, TX) from August 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019.

Weight gain in pregnancy: can metformin steady the scales?

Objective: Metformin has been associated with modest weight reduction in the non-pregnant population. Our hypothesis is that metformin exposure will lead to a higher incidence of appropriate weight gain during pregnancy.

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study in a single center between 2009 and 2019.