Frequent microbiological profile changes are seen in subsequent-revision hip and knee arthroplasty for prosthetic joint infection.

A proportion of patients with hip and knee prosthetic joint infection (PJI) undergo multiple revisions with the aim of eradicating infection and improving quality of life. The aim of this study was to describe the microbiology cultured from multiply revised hip and knee replacement procedures to guide antimicrobial therapy at the time of surgery. : Consecutive patients were retrospectively identified from databases at two specialist orthopaedic centres in the United Kingdom between 2011 and 2019.

Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery.

Background: Concerns regarding the safety and availability of transfused donor blood have prompted research into a range of techniques to minimise allogeneic transfusion requirements. Cell salvage (CS) describes the recovery of blood from the surgical field, either during or after surgery, for reinfusion back to the patient.

Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of CS in minimising perioperative allogeneic red blood cell transfusion and on other clinical outcomes in adults undergoing elective or non-urgent surgery.

Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of bleeding in people undergoing definitive fixation or joint replacement for hip, pelvic and long bone fractures.

Background: Pelvic, hip, and long bone fractures can result in significant bleeding at the time of injury, with further blood loss if they are treated with surgical fixation. People undergoing surgery are therefore at risk of requiring a blood transfusion and may be at risk of peri-operative anaemia. Pharmacological interventions for blood conservation may reduce the risk of requiring an allogeneic blood transfusion and associated complications.

The Outcomes of Hip and Knee Fungal Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Fungal infections are a rare cause of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), identified in 1% of all of these cases. Outcomes are not well-established due to small cohort sizes in the published literature. The aims of this study were to establish the patient demographics and infection-free survival of patients presenting to 2 high-volume revision arthroplasty centers who had fungal infection of either a hip or knee arthroplasty.

Childhood overweight and obesity and back pain risk: a cohort study of 466 997 children.

Objectives: To assess the association between age, sex, socioeconomic group, weight status and back pain risk in a large general population cohort of children.

Design And Setting: A dynamic cohort of children aged 4 years in the Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) electronic primary care records data in Catalonia. Multivariable Cox models were fitted to explore the association between back pain and weight status categories according to the WHO 2007 growth reference groups (body mass index for age z-score).

Risk of infection associated with intravenous iron preparations: protocol for updating a systematic review.

Introduction: The benefits and risk of intravenous iron have been documented in previous systematic reviews and continue to be the subject of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). An ongoing issue that continues to be raised is the relationship between administering iron and developing infection. This is supported by biological plausibility from animal models.

Hip replacement.

Total hip replacement is a frequently done and highly successful surgical intervention. The procedure is undertaken to relieve pain and improve function in individuals with advanced arthritis of the hip joint. Symptomatic osteoarthritis is the most common indication for surgery.

A preliminary modeling investigation into the safe correction zone for high tibial osteotomy.

Background: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) re-aligns the weight-bearing axis (WBA) of the lower limb. The surgery reduces medial load (reducing pain and slowing progression of cartilage damage) while avoiding overloading the lateral compartment. The optimal correction has not been established.

The failing medial compartment in the varus knee and its association with CAM deformity of the hip.

Background: Since 2011, the knee service at the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre has been offering a neutralising medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) to a specific group of patients with genu varum and early knee osteoarthritis. An observation was made concerning this group of patients and the presence of CAM deformity at the hip. The aim of this study is to establish whether or not any association exists between the OA phenotype shared by our HTO group and the incidence of CAM deformity at the hip.

Quantitative techniques for musculoskeletal MRI at 7 Tesla.

Whole-body 7 Tesla MRI scanners have been approved solely for research since they appeared on the market over 10 years ago, but may soon be approved for selected clinical neurological and musculoskeletal applications in both the EU and the United States. There has been considerable research work on musculoskeletal applications at 7 Tesla over the past decade, including techniques for ultra-high resolution morphological imaging, 3D T2 and T2* mapping, ultra-short TE applications, diffusion tensor imaging of cartilage, and several techniques for assessing proteoglycan content in cartilage. Most of this work has been done in the knee or other extremities, due to technical difficulties associated with scanning areas such as the hip and torso at 7 Tesla.

The Relationship Between Polyethylene Wear and Periprosthetic Osteolysis in Total Hip Arthroplasty at 12 Years in a Randomized Controlled Trial Cohort.

Background: Polyethylene acetabular components are common in hip arthroplasty. Highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) has lower wear than ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Evidence suggests that wear particles induce inflammation causing periprosthetic osteolysis contributing to implant loosening with wear rates of 0.

The Urgent Need for Evidence in Arthroscopic Meniscal Surgery.

Background: Arthroscopic surgery of the knee is one of the most frequently performed orthopaedic procedures. One-third of these procedures are performed for meniscal injuries. It is essential that this commonly performed surgery be supported by robust evidence.

The varied functions of aluminium-activated malate transporters-much more than aluminium resistance.

The ALMT (aluminium-activated malate transporter) family comprises a functionally diverse but structurally similar group of ion channels. They are found ubiquitously in plant species, expressed throughout different tissues, and located in either the plasma membrane or tonoplast. The first family member identified was TaALMT1, discovered in wheat root tips, which was found to be involved in aluminium resistance by means of malate exudation into the soil.

Replace, reuse, recycle: improving the sustainable use of phosphorus by plants.

The 'phosphorus problem' has recently received strong interest with two distinct strands of importance. The first is that too much phosphorus (P) is entering into waste water, creating a significant economic and ecological problem. Secondly, while agricultural demand for phosphate fertilizer is increasing to maintain crop yields, rock phosphate reserves are rapidly declining.