Saphenous Nerve Sensory Assessment in CABG Patients with Great Saphenous Vein Grafts: A Pre and Post Operative Study.

To assess and compare the sensory component of the saphenous nerve in Coronary artery disease (CAD) patients undergoing Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with great saphenous vein graft pre and post-CABG. An observational longitudinal study evaluating the effect of surgery on the saphenous nerve involved 32 CAD patients undergoing CABG. This study was carried out jointly by the Department of Physiology and the Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery (CTVS) at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India from November 2022 to January 2024.

Assessment of Upper Limb Nerves in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft.

Background Many patients experience pain in their upper limbs following surgical procedures involving median sternotomy, particularly those undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This type of pain, commonly reported by CABG patients, is often overlooked in hospital settings. Our study aims to address this issue by utilizing electrodiagnostic studies to understand this postoperative discomfort better.

A systematic review of the cell death mechanisms in retinal pigment epithelium cells and photoreceptors after subretinal hemorrhage - Implications for treatment options.

Humans rely on vision as their most important sense. This is accomplished by photoreceptors (PRs) in the retina that detect light but cannot function without the support and maintenance of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In subretinal hemorrhage (SRH), blood accumulates between the neurosensory retina and the RPE or between the RPE and the choroid.

Reactive microglia are the major source of tumor necrosis factor alpha and contribute to astrocyte dysfunction and acute seizures in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy.

Extensive microglia reactivity has been well described in human and experimental temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). To date, however, it is not clear whether and based on which molecular mechanisms microglia contribute to the development and progression of focal epilepsy. Astroglial gap junction coupled networks play an important role in regulating neuronal activity and loss of interastrocytic coupling causally contributes to TLE.

Genetic diversity of Indian isolates based on the analysis of polymorphic marker.

Background: Malaria is one of the major communicable diseases in India and worldwide. is a highly polymorphic gene due to its large insertions and deletions in the central alanine-rich region, which, in turn, makes it a valuable marker for population genetic analysis. Very few studies are available from India about the genetic diversity of based on gene, and hence, this study was designed to understand the molecular diversity of the malaria parasite.

Polymorphisms in genes associated with drug resistance of Plasmodium vivax in India.

Malaria is a sterning public health concern in India and contribute to a major part of malaria burden in Southeast Asia. Being more populated and diverse geographic conditions makes more suitable place for sustaining malaria parasite in India. Anti-malarial resistance is a major concern in the battle against malaria, and the identified molecular markers will aid us to monitor the drug resistance in endemic areas.

Status of Artemisinin Resistance in Malaria Parasite from Molecular Analyses of the Gene in Southwestern Nigeria.

Evolution and spread of malaria parasite capable of evading antimalarials are the prime concern to malaria control. The currently effective drug, artemisinin (ART), is under threat due to detection of ART-resistant parasites in the Southeast Asian countries. It has been shown that amino acid (AA) mutations at the () gene provide resistance to ART.

Molecular epidemiology and evolution of drug-resistant genes in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in southwestern Nigeria.

Malaria is an age-old disease of human kind living in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the globe, with Africa contributing the highest incidence of morbidity and mortality. Among many hurdles, evolution and spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites constitute major challenges to malaria control and elimination. Information on molecular epidemiology and pattern of evolution of genes conferring resistance to different antimalarials are needed to track the route of the spread of resistant parasites and also to inform if the drug-resistant genes are adapted in the population following the Darwinian model of evolution.

In silico modeling of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter protein and biochemical studies suggest its key contribution to chloroquine resistance.

Chloroquine (CQ) has been used for decades as the primary chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of malaria. The emergence of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has been considered to be because of the excessive use of antimalarial drugs worldwide. Moreover, the intense distribution and prevalence of chloroquine-resistant strains in endemic regions has aided the incidence of more complications to malaria treatment and control.

Selective protein unfolding: a universal mechanism of action for the development of irreversible inhibitors.

High-throughput differential scanning fluorimetry of GFP-tagged proteins (HT-DSF-GTP) was applied for the identification of novel enzyme inhibitors acting by a mechanism termed: selective protein unfolding (SPU). Four different protein targets were interrogated with the same library to identify target-selective hits. Several hits selectively destabilized bacterial biotin protein ligase.

Comparative effect of horse gram and black gram on inflammatory mediators and antioxidant status.

A balanced diet is important for the overall wellbeing of an individual. Pulses are an important part of a nutritive diet. Pulses have been consumed for at least 10,000 years and are among the most extensively used foods in the world.

Comparison of protein expression pattern between the chloroquine-resistant RKL9 and chloroquine-sensitive MRC2 strains.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the protein expression patterns of extracellular and intracellular proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) from the chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) MRC2 strain and chloroquine-resistant (CQR) RKL9 strain. Materials and Methods: Both the extracellular protein (ECP) and intracellular protein (ICP) were extracted and solubilized. The proteins were separated by 2-DE, first based on their charges using isoelectric focusing and then their sizes by electrophoresis.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Chloroquine-Sensitive and Chloroquine-Resistant Strains of Plasmodium falciparum: Toward Malaria Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Global Health.

Increasing drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is an important global health burden because it reverses the malarial control achieved so far. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance is the epicenter of the development agenda for novel diagnostic and therapeutic (drugs/vaccines) targets for malaria. In this study, we report global comparative transcriptome profiling (RNA-Seq) to characterize the difference in the transcriptome between 48-h intraerythrocytic stage of chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant P.

Whole transcriptome expression analysis and comparison of two different strains of Plasmodium falciparum using RNA-Seq.

The emergence and distribution of drug resistance in malaria are serious public health concerns in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. However, the molecular mechanism of drug resistance remains unclear. In the present study, we performed a high-throughput RNA-Seq to identify and characterize the differentially expressed genes between the chloroquine (CQ) sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum.

Sequence analysis of pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes and its association with chloroquine resistance in Southeast Indian Plasmodium falciparum isolates.

Background: Due to the widespread resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine drug, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been recommended as the first-line treatment. This study aims to evaluate the extent of chloroquine resistance in P. falciparum infection after the introduction of ACT.

Antimalarial drug resistance: An overview.

Malaria is a major public health burden throughout the world. Resistance to the antimalarial drugs has increased the mortality and morbidity rate that is achieved so far through the malaria control program. Monitoring the drug resistance to the available antimalarial drugs helps to implement effective drug policy, through the in vivo efficacy studies, in vitro drug susceptibility tests and detection of molecular markers.

Direct and/or Indirect Roles for SUMO in Modulating Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity.

α-Synuclein inclusion bodies are a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, and contain aggregated α-synuclein and a variety of recruited factors, including protein chaperones, proteasome components, ubiquitin and the small ubiquitin-like modifier, SUMO-1. Cell culture and animal model studies suggest that misfolded, aggregated α-synuclein is actively translocated via the cytoskeletal system to a region of the cell where other factors that help to lessen the toxic effects can also be recruited. SUMO-1 covalently conjugates to various intracellular target proteins in a way analogous to ubiquitination to alter cellular distribution, function and metabolism and also plays an important role in a growing list of cellular pathways, including exosome secretion and apoptosis.

Global DNA methylation in neonatal sepsis.

Objective: To find out whether gDNA methylation can be used as a diagnostic/prognostic method for neonatal sepsis.

Methods: The study was conducted in the neonatal division of a tertiary care referral hospital. Fifty one newborns as cases and thirty seven newborns as controls were enrolled in the study.

Significance of prion and prion-like proteins in cancer development, progression and multi-drug resistance.

Prions are renowned for their role in neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals. These are manifested as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) that result from the conversion of the normal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) to a misfolded, aggregated and pathogenic form, prion protein scrapie (PrP(Sc)) via a post-translational process followed by the accumulation of PrP(Sc) within the central nervous system. New research in this area has demonstrated that PrP is over-expressed in a variety of cancers including gastric, pancreatic and breast cancers, affecting the growth and invasiveness of these cancers as well as playing an important role in the acquisition of multi-drug resistant (MDR) gastric cancer.

A GFP-tagged nucleoprotein-based aggregation assay for anti-influenza drug discovery and antibody development.

Influenza is a viral pandemic that affects millions of people worldwide. Seasonal variations due to genetic shuffling and antigenic drifts in the influenza viruses have necessitated continual updating of therapeutics. The growing resistance to current influenza drugs has increased demand for new antivirals.

Quercetin alleviates hypercholesterolemic diet induced inflammation during progression and regression of atherosclerosis in rabbits.

Objective: Recent advances have established a fundamental role for inflammation in mediating all stages of atherosclerosis, from initiation through progression. Quercetin may be a powerful bioactive constituent of the human diet, as a free radical scavenging agent and through interactions with various endogenous proteins. The present study focused on the effect of quercetin on inflammation induced by a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) in rabbits.

Potential roles for prions and protein-only inheritance in cancer.

Inherited mutations are known to cause familial cancers. However, the cause of sporadic cancers, which likely represent the majority of cancers, is yet to be elucidated. Sporadic cancers contain somatic mutations (including oncogenic mutations); however, the origin of these mutations is unclear.