A Narrative Review of update in per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and endoscopic esophageal surgery.

The field of endoscopic esophageal surgery is based on the concept of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Submucosal space surgery or third space surgery with the use of flexible endoscopy allows for decreased morbidity and hospital length of stay with equivalent outcomes for patients. In the case of achalasia, per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) allows for management of refractory cases in setting of previous Heller Myotomy or in patients whom laparoscopic or thoracoscopic surgery is contraindicated.

Laparoscopic repair of a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia after a convergent procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare entity involving herniation of abdominal viscera through the diaphragm into the pericardial sac. It is most often seen after blunt abdominal trauma, but can occur following any trans-diaphragmatic intervention. We report on a 56-year-old female with peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia secondary to a convergent procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, who underwent a laparoscopic repair.

The visual hemifield asymmetry in the spatial blink during singleton search and feature search.

The present study examined a visual field asymmetry in the contingent capture of attention that was previously observed by Du and Abrams (2010). In our first experiment, color singleton distractors that matched the color of a to-be-detected target produced a stronger capture of attention when they appeared in the left visual hemifield than in the right visual hemifield. This replicated Du and Abrams and also revealed a difference between hemifields in the time course of this effect.