A Survey Study on the Current Veterinary Practice and Attitudes to Anaesthesia and Analgesia for Spay Surgery in the United Kingdom.

Background: In the United Kingdom, spay surgery is routinely performed in dogs and cats by general practitioners. Data from a decade ago showed that, despite an increased attentiveness of veterinarians to peri-operative pain compared to the past, analgesia could be further improved.

Objectives: To investigate the current veterinary practice and attitude towards anaesthesia and analgesia for spay surgery in the United Kingdom.

The use of spent mushroom substrate as biologically pretreated wood and its fibrillation.

Utilization of biomass and reuse of industrial by-products and their sustainable and resource-efficient development into products that are inherently non-toxic is important to reduce the use of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of biomaterials. The hypothesis in this study is that spent mushroom substrate (SMS), a by-product from mushroom production, has already undergone a biological pretreatment and thus, can be used directly as a starting material for fibrillation into value-added and functional biomaterial, without the use of toxic substances. The study show that SMS can be effectively fibrillated at a very high concentration of 6.

Biomimetic CO Capture Unlocked through Enzyme Mining: Discovery of a Highly Thermo- and Alkali-Stable Carbonic Anhydrase.

Taking immediate action to combat the urgent threat of CO-driven global warming is crucial for ensuring a habitable planet. Decarbonizing the industrial sector requires implementing sustainable carbon-capture technologies, such as biomimetic hot potassium carbonate capture (BioHPC). BioHPC is superior to traditional amine-based strategies due to its eco-friendly nature.

Enzyme-accelerated CO capture and storage (CCS) using paper and pulp residues as co-sequestrating agents.

In the present work, four CaCO-rich solid residues from the pulp and paper industry (lime mud, green liquor sludge, electrostatic precipitator dust, and lime dregs) were assessed for their potential as co-sequestrating agents in carbon capture. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) was added to promote both CO hydration and residue mineral dissolution, offering an enhancement in CO-capture yield under atmospheric (up to 4-fold) and industrial-gas mimic conditions (up to 2.2-fold).

Phenolic Compounds in spp. and Their Potential Therapeutic Effects on H1N1, HBV, HCV, and HIV: A Review.

Despite public health risk mitigation measures and regulation efforts by many countries, regions, and sectors, viral outbreaks remind the world of our vulnerability to biological hazards and the importance of mitigation actions. The saltwater-tolerant plants in the genus belonging to the Amaranthaceae family are widely recognized and researched as producers of clinically applicable phytochemicals. The plants in the genus contain flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acids, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, isoquercitrin, and myricitrin, which have all been shown to support the antiviral, virucidal, and symptom-suppressing activities.

Targeted temperature management in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, or acute ischaemic stroke: updated consensus guideline recommendations by the Neuroprotective Therapy Consensus Review (NTCR) group.

Background: There is a lack of consistent, evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with fever after brain injury. The aim was to update previously published consensus recommendations on targeted temperature management after intracerebral haemorrhage, aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, and acute ischaemic stroke in patients who require admission to critical care.

Methods: A modified Delphi consensus, the Neuroprotective Therapy Consensus Review (NTCR), included 19 international neuro-intensive care experts with a subspecialty interest in the acute management of intracerebral haemorrhage, aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, and acute ischaemic stroke.

Renewable Hydrogen Production and Storage Via Enzymatic Interconversion of CO and Formate with Electrochemical Cofactor Regeneration.

The urgent need to reduce CO emissions has motivated the development of CO capture and utilization technologies. An emerging application is CO transformation into storage chemicals for clean energy carriers. Formic acid (FA), a valuable product of CO reduction, is an excellent hydrogen carrier.

CO to Methanol: A Highly Efficient Enzyme Cascade.

Carbon dioxide (CO) has been increasingly regarded not only as a greenhouse gas but also as a valuable feedstock for carbon-based chemicals. In particular, biological approaches have drawn attention as models for the production of value-added products, as CO conversion serves many natural processes. Enzymatic CO reduction in vitro is a very promising route to produce fossil free and bio-based fuel alternatives, such as methanol.

Carbonic anhydrase to boost CO sequestration: Improving carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS).

CO Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is a fundamental strategy to mitigate climate change, and carbon sequestration, through absorption, can be one of the solutions to achieving this goal. In nature, carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the CO hydration to bicarbonates. Targeting the development of novel biotechnological routes which can compete with traditional CO absorption methods, CA utilization has presented a potential to expand as a promising catalyst for CCUS applications.

Inhibition of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (M) by repurposing/designing drug-like substances and utilizing nature's toolbox of bioactive compounds.

The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a long pandemic, with numerous cases and victims worldwide and enormous consequences on social and economic life. Although vaccinations have proceeded and provide a valuable shield against the virus, the approved drugs are limited and it is crucial that further ways to combat infection are developed, that can also act against potential mutations. The main protease (M) of the virus is an appealing target for the development of inhibitors, due to its importance in the viral life cycle and its high conservation among different coronaviruses.

Ferulic Acid From Plant Biomass: A Phytochemical With Promising Antiviral Properties.

Plant biomass is a magnificent renewable resource for phytochemicals that carry bioactive properties. Ferulic acid (FA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is found widespread in plant cell walls, mainly esterified to polysaccharides. It is well known of its strong antioxidant activity, together with numerous properties, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.

The clinical significance of PD‑L1 in colorectal cancer (Review).

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently encountered neoplasms and has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Recent findings showing that tumor immune evasion is an important mechanism underlying propagation of a cancer have changed the landscape of medical oncology through identification of Programmed‑Death receptor 1 and its ligand (PD‑1 and PD‑L1) as novel targets for oncological immune therapies. PD‑1 is primarily expressed on peritumoral lymphocytes and when activated, it suppresses its immune functions.

Directed evolution of the type C feruloyl esterase from Fusarium oxysporum FoFaeC and molecular docking analysis of its improved variants.

The need to develop competitive and eco-friendly processes in the cosmetic industry leads to the search for new enzymes with improved properties for industrial bioconversions in this sector. In the present study, a complete methodology to generate, express and screen diversity for the type C feruloyl esterase from Fusarium oxysporium FoFaeC was set up in a high-throughput fashion. A library of around 30,000 random mutants of FoFaeC was generated by error prone PCR of fofaec cDNA and expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica.

Thermophilic enzyme systems for efficient conversion of lignocellulose to valuable products: Structural insights and future perspectives for esterases and oxidative catalysts.

Thermophilic enzyme systems are of major importance nowadays in all industrial processes due to their great performance at elevated temperatures. In the present review, an overview of the current knowledge on the properties of thermophilic and thermotolerant carbohydrate esterases and oxidative enzymes with great thermostability is provided, with respect to their potential use in biotechnological applications. A special focus is given to the lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases that are able to oxidatively cleave lignocellulose through the use of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as co-substrate and a reducing agent as electron donor.

Screening of novel feruloyl esterases from Talaromyces wortmannii for the development of efficient and sustainable syntheses of feruloyl derivatives.

The feruloyl esterases Fae125, Fae7262 and Fae68 from Talaromyces wortmannii were screened in 10 different solvent: buffer systems in terms of residual hydrolytic activity and of the ability for the transesterification of vinyl ferulate with prenol or l-arabinose. Among the tested enzymes, the acetyl xylan-related Fae125 belonging to the phylogenetic subfamily 5 showed highest yield and selectivity for both products in alkane: buffer systems (n-hexane or n-octane). Response surface methodology, based on a 5-level and 6-factor central composite design, revealed that the substrate molar ratio and the water content were the most significant variables for the bioconversion yield and selectivity.

Optimized Enzymatic Synthesis of Feruloyl Derivatives Catalyzed by Three Novel Feruloyl Esterases from in Detergentless Microemulsions.

Three novel feruloyl esterases (Fae125, Fae7262 and Fae68) from overexpressed in the C1 platform were evaluated for the transesterification of vinyl ferulate with two acceptors of different size and lipophilicity (prenol and L-arabinose) in detergentless microemulsions. The effect of reaction conditions such as the microemulsion composition, the substrate concentration, the enzyme load, the pH, the temperature and the agitation were investigated. The type A Fae125 belonging to the subfamily 5 (SF5) of phylogenetic classification showed highest yields for the synthesis of both products after optimization of reaction conditions: 81.

Optimization of Transesterification Reactions with CLEA-Immobilized Feruloyl Esterases from and .

Feruloyl esterases (FAEs, E.C. 3.

Tailoring the specificity of the type C feruloyl esterase FoFaeC from Fusarium oxysporum towards methyl sinapate by rational redesign based on small molecule docking simulations.

The type C feruloyl esterase FoFaeC from Fusarium oxysporum is a newly discovered enzyme with high potential for use in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass but it shows low activity towards sinapates. In this work, small molecule docking simulations were employed in order to identify important residues for the binding of the four model methyl esters of hydroxycinnamic acids, methyl ferulate/caffeate/sinapate/p-coumarate, to the predicted structure of FoFaeC. Subsequently rational redesign was applied to the enzyme' active site in order to improve its specificity towards methyl sinapate.

Evolution of the feruloyl esterase MtFae1a from Myceliophthora thermophila towards improved catalysts for antioxidants synthesis.

The chemical syntheses currently employed for industrial purposes, including in the manufacture of cosmetics, present limitations such as unwanted side reactions and the need for harsh chemical reaction conditions. In order to overcome these drawbacks, novel enzymes are developed to catalyze the targeted bioconversions. In the present study, a methodology for the construction and the automated screening of evolved variants library of a Type B feruloyl esterase from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtFae1a) was developed and applied to generation of 30,000 mutants and their screening for selecting the variants with higher activity than the wild-type enzyme.

Insights into substrate binding of ferulic acid esterases by arabinose and methyl hydroxycinnamate esters and molecular docking.

Ferulic acid esterases (FAE, EC 3.1.1.

Correction to: Optimized synthesis of novel prenyl ferulate performed by feruloyl esterases from Myceliophthora thermophila in microemulsions.

After publication of the original article, authors found that there has been a minor mistake in the units of kcat and kcat/Km in Table 2. The units should be 10 min g FAE for kcat and mM min g FAE for kcat/Km. This correction does not affect any conclusions drawn within the article.

Optimized synthesis of novel prenyl ferulate performed by feruloyl esterases from Myceliophthora thermophila in microemulsions.

Five feruloyl esterases (FAEs; EC 3.1.1.

Enzymatic synthesis of bioactive compounds with high potential for cosmeceutical application.

Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products containing biologically active ingredients purporting to offer a pharmaceutical therapeutic benefit. The active ingredients can be extracted and purified from natural sources (botanicals, herbal extracts, or animals) but can also be obtained biotechnologically by fermentation and cell cultures or by enzymatic synthesis and modification of natural compounds. A cosmeceutical ingredient should possess an attractive property such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin whitening, anti-aging, anti-wrinkling, or photoprotective activity, among others.