Adjusting the apnea-hypopnea index in children with a low percentage of REM sleep and its potential impact on OSA diagnosis and severity.

A decrease in REM time during polysomnography (PSG) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can result in underestimation of apnea hypopnea index (AHI). We propose adjusting AHI to normalized REM% in subjects with REM% ≤15% to avoid under diagnosis of OSA. All children who completed diagnostic PSG from 2016 to 2023 with REM% of ≤ 15% of total TST were selected for adjustment.

Efficacy and safety of microneedling radiofrequency in patterned hair loss.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the improvement of patterned hair loss with microneedling radiofrequency (MNRF) and its adverse effects in patients.

Material And Methods: An open-label study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MNRF for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Patients diagnosed with patterned hair loss received three MNRF treatment sessions once monthly.

Tracing ocular biometry and their heritability in twins in a hospital-based cohort in South India.

Purpose: Twin studies, in the background of lack of twin registry in India, are a challenge. We report the response rates in tracing a hospital birth register-based cohort of twins using mail and door to door survey, ocular parameters influencing refractive errors, and their heritability.

Methods: Twins born from 1991 to 1995 in a tertiary hospital in the Vellore District of South India from a database were traced by mail and home survey from March 2011 to September 2013.

Impact of COVID‑19 pandemic restrictions and subsequent relaxation on the prevalence of respiratory virus hospitalizations in children.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequently adopted worldwide control measures have resulted in global changes in the epidemiology and severity of other respiratory viruses. We compared the number and severity of viral acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) hospitalizations and determined changes in causative respiratory pathogens before, during, and after the pandemic among young children in Qatar.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, we reviewed data of children ≤ 36 months old who were admitted to Sidra Medicine in Qatar with a viral ALRTI during winter seasons (September-April) between 2019 and 2023.

Sphingolipids in Childhood Asthma and Obesity (SOAP Study): A Protocol of a Cross-Sectional Study.

Asthma and obesity are two of the most common chronic conditions in children and adolescents. There is increasing evidence that sphingolipid metabolism is altered in childhood asthma and is linked to airway hyperreactivity. Dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism is also reported in obesity.

Prevalence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Prader-Willi Syndrome.

Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). However, the prevalence of SDB varies widely between studies. Early identification of SDB and factors contributing to its incidence is essential, particularly when considering growth hormone (GH) therapy.

Echocardiography protocol and cardiometabolic phenotyping in Indian birth cohorts-the IndEcho study.

Background: Asian Indians are at higher risk of cardiometabolic disease compared to other ethnic groups, and the age of onset is typically younger. Cardiac structure and function are poorly characterized in this ethnic group. In this study, we describe image-acquisition methods and the reproducibility of measurements and detailed echocardiography characteristics in two large Indian population-based cohorts (the New Delhi and Vellore Birth Cohorts) from India.

Clinical and angiographic outcomes of mycophenolate versus methotrexate in South Asian patients of Takayasu arteritis: Results from an open-label, outcome-assessor blinded randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the clinical and angiographic responses of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) versus methotrexate (MTX) in Takayasu arteritis (TAK).

Methods: This was an open-label, outcome assessor-blinded trial. Adult patients with active TAK were randomized 1:1 to MMF 1 g twice daily or MTX 20 mg once weekly by a computer-generated program.

Is handgrip strength a useful tool to detect slow walking speed in older Indian adults: A cross-sectional study among geriatric outpatients in a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Objectives: To determine whether handgrip strength can be used as a proxy for detecting slow walking speed in older adults. Measuring walking speed in older adults can be challenging as cognitive and functional decline may have a significant impact on test performance.

Methods: Hundred subjects aged >/= 60 were recruited.

Whole and cortical kidney volume predict 5-year post-nephrectomy eGFR in Indian living kidney donors.

Aim: To study the additional utility of pre-nephrectomy whole and cortical kidney volumes (WKV, CKV) in predicting long-term post-nephrectomy kidney function in Indian living kidney donors (LKDs).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all LKDs who underwent nephrectomy between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2015 at our centre, had pre-nephrectomy height, weight and computed tomography (CT) angiography with arterial and nephrographic phase documented, and 5-year post-nephrectomy creatinine values measured. Correlation between body surface area (BSA) adjusted pre-nephrectomy total CKV, WKV and pre-nephrectomy CKD EPI eGFR; BSA-adjusted remnant pre-nephrectomy CKV (rCKV), WKV (rWKV) and 5-year post-nephrectomy CKD EPI creatinine eGFR (5yeGFR ); predictors of 5yeGFR  < 70% of pre-nephrectomy CKD EPI creatinine eGFR (pre-eGFR ), and an equation to predict 5yeGFR from pre-nephrectomy variables were calculated.

Clinicopathological predictors of repeated recurrence in sinonasal inverted papilloma.

Purpose: To evaluate association between clinical and pathological findings and repeated recurrence in sinonasal inverted papilloma.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital included all patients operated for inverted papilloma from January 2010 to December 2019. Patients were categorized as primary and recurrent cases.

Endometriosis and oocyte quality: an analysis of 13 614 donor oocyte recipient and autologous IVF cycles.

Study Question: Does endometriosis affect live birth following donor oocyte recipient versus autologous IVF?

Summary Answer: There was no significant difference in the live birth rate (LBR) in women with endometriosis undergoing donor oocyte recipient cycles versus autologous IVF cycles.

What Is Known Already: For infertile women with endometriosis, IVF is often considered as a treatment option. Lower implantation and pregnancy rates have been observed following IVF in women with endometriosis.

Effectiveness of music therapy as an adjuvant to conscious sedation in women undergoing transvaginal oocyte retrieval: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: Assisted reproductive technique (ART) has emerged as the highest form of treatment for infertile couples. Transvaginal oocyte retrieval is currently performed under conscious sedation in most centers. Since it is a relatively painful procedure, a number of adjuvant therapies have been tried to improve pain relief during the procedure.

Functional principal component analysis for identifying the child growth pattern using longitudinal birth cohort data.

Background: Longitudinal studies are important to understand patterns of growth in children and limited in India. It is important to identify an approach for characterising growth trajectories to distinguish between children who have healthy growth and those growth is poor. Many statistical approaches are available to assess the longitudinal growth data and which are difficult to recognize the pattern.

Role of Hysterosalpingography in Diagnosing Tubal Blockage - A Prospective Diagnostic Study.

Background: Women with abnormal hysterosalpingography (HSG) are anxious regarding the presence of tubal pathology. It is important to know the predictive value of HSG and the need for subsequent laparoscopy following an abnormal report. In the era of assisted reproductive technology, the role of invasive testing such as diagnostic laparoscopy is being increasingly questioned due to its invasiveness and associated risks.

Postchemotherapy tumor volume as a prognostic indicator in Wilms tumor: A single-center experience from South India.

Background: Optimal risk stratification is the key to minimizing relapse and toxicity in children with Wilms tumor (WT). The study evaluated poor tumor volume response to chemotherapy as a risk factor that predicts relapse.

Procedure: Children with WT who were treated between 2005 and 2020 at the center were analyzed.

Distinct opposing associations of upper and lower body fat depots with metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk markers.

Background: To examine the associations of total and regional adiposity with metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1080 (53.8% men, aged 39-44 years) individuals from South India.

Satisfaction and genital perception after orchiectomy for prostate cancer: does the technique matter? A randomized trial.

Objectives: Bilateral extracapsular or total orchiectomy (BEO) for prostate cancer is presumed to have psychological consequences after the surgery due to perception of an empty scrotum. Bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy (BSO) was designed to preserve perception of palpable testes. We compared the patients' satisfaction and genital perception following BEO and BSO.

POSEIDON classification and the proposed treatment options for groups 1 and 2: time to revisit? A retrospective analysis of 1425 ART cycles.

Study Question: Do live birth outcomes differ when Patient-Oriented Strategy Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number (POSEIDON) stratified groups are compared with women with good prognosis (non-POSEIDON group) undergoing ART?

Summary Answer: The current study showed no significant difference in the live birth rates (LBRs) per embryo transfer between POSEIDON groups 1 and 2 when compared with women in the non-POSEIDON group undergoing ART.

What Is Known Already: Recently, there has been a lot of focus on the POSEIDON classification for low prognosis women undergoing ART and various management options have been advocated. For POSEIDON groups 1 and 2, low starting dose and gonadotrophin receptor polymorphism have been suggested as possible reasons for a hyporesponse, and increasing the starting gonadotrophin dose, the addition of recombinant LH and dual stimulation have been suggested as treatment options.

Female causes of infertility are associated with higher risk of preterm birth and low birth weight: analysis of 117 401 singleton live births following IVF.

Study Question: Does the cause of infertility affect the perinatal outcomes preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) following IVF treatment?

Summary Answer: The risk of PTB and LBW was higher with female causes of infertility-ovulatory disorders, tubal disorders and endometriosis-compared to unexplained infertility but the absolute increase in risk was low.

What Is Known Already: Infertility is associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Risk of adverse perinatal outcomes is also higher following ART compared to spontaneous conceptions.

Prevalence, incidence and predictors of cardiovascular risk factors: longitudinal data from rural and urban South India and comparison with global data.

Introduction: India has high mortality rates from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Understanding the trends and identifying modifiable determinants of CVD risk factors will guide preventive strategies and policy making.

Research Design And Methods: CVD risk factors (obesity, central obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia) prevalence and incidence were estimated in 962 (male 519) non-migrant adults from Vellore, South India, studied in: (1) 1998-2002 (mean age 28.

Early Discharge and Selective Calcium Supplementation after Thyroidectomy Based on Post-Operative Day 1 Parathormone and Calcium Level: A Prospective Study.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate a protocol using post thyroidectomy parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels on the day after surgery to facilitate early discharge of patients.

Methods: This prospective observational study was done in Christian Medical College, India over 1 year with 125 consecutive patients who had serum PTH and calcium values measured in the morning following thyroidectomy/first postoperative day (D1). Patients with no symptoms and signs of hypocalcemia and with serum calcium ≥8 mg/dL and PTH ≥6 pg/ml according to the protocol were discharged without supplements on D1.