Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: still a mystery disease with difficult management.

Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is the most common benign neoplastic disease of the larynx in children and adolescents and has a significant impact on patients and the health care system with a cost ranging from $60,000 to $470,000 per patient. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature on RRP and summarize the recent advances. RRP is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV; mainly by types 6 and 11).

Correlation of clinical and surgical findings to histological features (koilocytosis, papillary hyperplasia) suggesting papillomavirus involvement in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.

Background: The clinical course of cholesteatoma is rather unpredictable, as some cases show aggressive development, while others have a mild, more 'benign' nature. The aim was to correlate the clinical course and surgical findings of cholesteatomas with histological features.

Material/methods: The study included 45 patients with cholesteatoma, 29 of whom had surgically aggressive and 16 simple (not surgically aggressive) cholesteatoma.

Pulsatile tinnitus: a review of the literature and an unusual case of iatrogenic pneumocephalus causing pulsatile tinnitus.

Background: Pulsatile tinnitus is frequently attributed to identifiable and treatable causes, in contrast to the more common subjective non-pulsatile tinnitus. It usually originates from vascular structures as a result of either increased blood flow or lumen stenosis; atherosclerotic carotid or subclavian artery disease; arterial, venous, or arteriovenous malformations, fistulas, or dissection; and paragangliomas. Other causes have also been reported, with often unclear pathophysiology.