Valorization of low-cost, carbon-rich substrates by edible ascomycetes and basidiomycetes grown on liquid cultures.

Three ascomycetes (Morchella vulgaris AMRL 36, M. elata AMRL 63, Tuber aestivum AMRL 364) and four basidiomycetes strains (Lentinula edodes AMRL 124 and 126, Agaricus bisporus AMRL 208 and 209) were screened for their ability to grow on liquid static flask cultures of glucose, glycerol, molasses and waste flour-rich hydrolysates with C/N ratio of 20 and produce biomass, exopolysaccharides and lipids. The profile of lipid fatty acids was also assessed.

Spent mushroom substrate for a second cultivation cycle of Pleurotus mushrooms and dephenolization of agro-industrial wastewaters.

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus ostreatus was supplemented with wheat bran and soybean flour and used as substrate for a new cultivation cycle of the oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius. The bioconversion efficiency of mushrooms produced over substrate (BE%) used and the chemical composition of sporophores were evaluated. The concentration of mycelial mass, crude exopolysaccharide content and laccase enzyme activity were also determined at the supplemented SMS before inoculation, at 50% and 100% of colonization stages in the new cultivation and in the final re-utilized SMS.

Upgrading Grape Pomace through spp. Cultivation for the Production of Enzymes and Fruiting Bodies.

Grape pomace, a by-product derived from winery industries, was used as fermentation media for the production of added-value products through the cultivation of two species. Solid-state (SSF), semiliquid (SLF), and submerged (SmF) fermentations were carried out using grape pomace as substrate. The effect of the different fermentations on the consumption of phenolic compounds, the production of mycelial mass and enzymes was evaluated using and .

Evaluation of Biomass and Chitin Production of Mushrooms Grown on Starch-Based Substrates.

sp. is one of the most expensive mushrooms with a high nutritional profile. In this study, the polysaccharide content of species was investigated.

Valorization of spent oyster mushroom substrate and laccase recovery through successive solid state cultivation of Pleurotus, Ganoderma, and Lentinula strains.

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus ostreatus was supplemented with wheat bran and soybean flour in various proportions to obtain C/N ratios of 10, 20, and 30, and their effect was evaluated in successive cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Ganoderma adspersum, Ganoderma resinaceum, and Lentinula edodes strains with respect to mycelium growth rate, biomass concentration, recovery of the enzyme laccase and crude exopolysaccharides, and also with additional fruiting body production. All fungi showed the highest growth rate on unamended SMS (C/N 30), with G. resinaceum being the fastest colonizer (Kr = 9.

Adaptation of Volvariella volvacea metabolism in high carbon to nitrogen ratio media.

Increasing glucose concentration (up to 46%) in the culture medium of Volvariella volvacea resulted in a noticeable biomass increase (63.82%) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) production (32.84% in absolute and 51.

Patterns of major metabolites biosynthesis by different mushroom fungi grown on glucose-based submerged cultures.

The biosynthetic potential of four basidiomycetes (Agrocybe aegerita, Flammulina velutipes, Ganoderma applanatum and Pleurotus pulmonarius) and one ascomycete (Morchella esculenta) was examined in regard to biomass, intracellular (endopolysaccharides and lipids) and extracellular (exopolysaccharides) compounds' production in liquid media with glucose as substrate, in static and agitated cultures. Exopolysaccharides' production presented significant negative correlation with biomass, endopolysaccharides and lipids, while biomass was positively related to the production of endopolysaccharides and lipids. Maximum values of biomass, endo- and exo-polysaccharides obtained were quite impressive: P.

Mushroom polysaccharides and lipids synthesized in liquid agitated and static cultures. Part II: study of Volvariella volvacea.

Volvariella volvacea strains were studied in relation with their ability to produce biomass, lipids and polysaccharides. Firstly, screening of four strains (AMLR 188, 190, 191 and 192) was performed in agar cultures, where the mycelial growth rate of the strains was measured, and in static liquid cultures, where the production of biomass, the biosynthesis of total cellular lipids and the consumption of glucose were monitored. For all strains, biomass production was significant (13-15 g l(-1)) and total lipid in dry weight (%, w/w) ranged from 3 to 12 %.

Mushroom polysaccharides and lipids synthesized in liquid agitated and static cultures. Part I: screening various mushroom species.

The effect of four synthetic media containing glucose (initial concentration 30 g l(-1)) on mycelial growth, exopolysaccharides (EPS) and cellular lipids production was examined in 11 mushroom species after 12 and 16 days of culture in static- and shake-flasks. Fatty acid analysis of cellular lipids produced was also performed. Agitation had a positive effect on biomass production, glucose consumption and lipid biosynthesis.

Residue evaluation of famoxadone and trifloxystrobin in cultivated mushrooms.

Dissipation of the fungicides famoxadone and trifloxystrobin in basidiocarps of Agaricus bisporus was studied in mushroom growing rooms. The mushroom samples taken at all three consecutive production flushes following single or split applications of the fungicides were extracted with solvents and the residues were determined by using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Recoveries from the fortified control samples ranged from 87 to 105%.