SICOB Italian clinical practice guidelines for the surgical treatment of obesity and associated diseases using GRADE methodology on bariatric and metabolic surgery.

Obesity is a chronic disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life. Pharmacotherapy can be associated with life style changes in increasing and maintaining weight loss and ameliorating obesity-related complications and comorbidities. In patients affected by obesity and uncontrolled obesity-associated complications or high degrees of BMI (> 40 Kg/m), metabolic bariatric surgery can be a valid therapeutic option.

Scientific evidence for the updated guidelines on indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery (IFSO/ASMBS).

The 2022 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) updated the indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), replacing the previous guidelines established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) over 30 years ago. The evidence supporting these updated guidelines has been strengthened to assist metabolic and bariatric surgeons, nutritionists, and other members of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs), as well as patients. This study aims to assess the level of evidence and the strength of recommendations compared to the previously published criteria.

Food Supplements Marketed Worldwide: A Comparative Analysis Between the European and the U.S. Regulatory Frameworks.

In recent decades, a new health paradigm emerged which increasingly places diet and nutrition at the center of citizens' healthcare. The resulting evolution of the food market has prompted country governments to adapt their regulatory frameworks to ensure product safety and preserve the health of citizens. Dietary supplements (DS) are products which are increasingly occupying a significant market share in Western countries, contributing to meeting the nutritional and physiological needs of a large portion of the global population.

Dietary management and access to treatment for patients with glucose deficiency syndrome type 1: an overview review with focus on the European regulatory framework.

Background: Glut-1 deficiency Syndrome (GLUT-1 DS) is a rare disease caused by a mutation in the SLC2A1 gene that codes for the glucose transporter protein GLUT-1 DS. Currently, there is no indicated drug therapy for this condition and ketogenic diet (KD) is the most effective remedy to treat it.

Objective: The objective of this study was to review the published literature that evaluated the effectiveness of KD in the dietary management of GLUT-1 DS syndrome, describing the state-of-the-art the treatment pathway for patients with GLUT-1 DS syndrome in light of the current European regulatory framework within the National Health Services.

Therapeutic Strategies to Combat Increasing Rates of Multidrug Resistant Pathogens.

The emergence of antimicrobic-resistant infectious pathogens and the consequent rising in the incidence and prevalence of demises caused by or associated to infections which are not sensitive to drug treatments is one of today's major global health challenges. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can bring to therapeutic failure, infection's persistence and risk of serious illness, in particular in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, patients with neoplastic diseases or the immunocompromised. It is assessed that AMR will induce until 10 million deaths per year by 2050, becoming the leading cause of disease-related deaths.

Staple Line Reinforcement during Sleeve Gastrectomy with SeamGuard: Single-Center Retrospective Case-Control Study over a 5-Year Period.

Various techniques and reinforcements have been proposed over the years in order to prevent leaks and bleeding after sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare the staple line complication (SLC) rate in patients who underwent LSG with the use of bioabsorbable membrane (GORE SEAMGUARD, GoR) for staple line versus those who received no reinforcement. Data on all consecutive patients undergoing LSG between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.

The importance of antibiotic treatment duration in antimicrobial resistance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health, leading to increased deaths from drug-resistant infections and escalates healthcare costs. Often termed a "silent pandemic," AMR occurs when pathogens become resistant to antimicrobial drugs, enabling their proliferation and spread. Inappropriate antibiotic usage is a major contributor to this phenomenon, which also extends to fungal infections.

Tracking progress on antimicrobial resistance by the quadripartite country self-assessment survey (TrACSS) in G7 countries, 2017-2023: opportunities and gaps.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses serious challenges to the healthcare systems worldwide. Multiple factors and activities contribute to the development and spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. Monitoring progress in combating AMR is fundamental at both global and national levels to drive multisectoral actions, identify priorities, and coordinate strategies.

Three-dimensional Versus Two-dimensional Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy has several advantages in gastrointestinal surgery. This systematic review determined whether similar benefits exist for bariatric surgical procedures by systematically searching the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Six studies including 629 patients who underwent 2D (386) and 3D (243) laparoscopic bariatric surgeries were selected.

Advances in Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Infection.

The infection caused by represents one of the bacterial infections with the greatest increase in incidence among nosocomial infections in recent years. is a Gram-positive bacterium able to produce toxins and spores. In some cases, infection results in severe diarrhoea and fulminant colitis, which cause prolonged hospitalisation and can be fatal, with repercussions also in terms of health economics.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Gonorrhea.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health emergency. The World Health Organization recently highlighted the growing number of new sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea, syphilis, and Chlamydia, which are resistant to common antibiotics. The phenomenon is also on the rise due to increasing intercontinental travel.

Implementation of updated enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery guidelines: adapted protocol in a single tertiary center.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of an adapted protocol of enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery (ERABS) on outcomes. This is a single-center observational study comparing patients managed according to adapted ERABS protocol (March-May 2022) with a control group of old method (January 2021-February 2022). Totally, 253 bariatric patients were included in the study (n = 68) and control (n = 185) groups.

Reports of Gastric Banding and Bowel Obstruction: A Narrative Review of the Literature.

The utilization rates of laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB) declined worldwide from 42.3% in 2008 to 1.8% in 2018.

The Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance in Cystic Fibrosis.

The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health challenge, with prospects indicating its potential to become the leading cause of death worldwide in the coming years. Individuals with pre-existing conditions, such as neoplastic disease undergoing chemotherapy, those on immunosuppressive therapy, and individuals with rare diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF), face heightened challenges due to AMR. CF is a rare disease caused by a deficiency in the synthesis of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel protein, resulting in multi-organ clinical symptoms, particularly in the respiratory system.

Anti-CGRP mAbs for the Preventive Treatment of Migraine: An Overview Review and a Cost Saving Analysis in the Global Scenario.

Migraine is a neurological disease with a high frequency of incidence. The new monoclonal antibodies selective for the calcitonin gene-related peptide and its ligand (anti-CGRP mAbs) have been marketed both in the USA and EU based on the positive efficacy results in the prevention of migraine. This search has been carried out with the aim of collecting real-world evidence on the effectiveness of anti-CGRP mAbs, performing a cost-savings analysis, and comparing performances among anti-CGRP mAbs medicines marketed in the American and European market.

A Short Update on the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies in COVID-19.

Monoclonal antibodies in the prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 have been crucial in reducing severe infections when vaccines were unavailable. However, as the virus and its variants have changed over time, the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies has been questioned. This technical note highlights the need to assess the antiviral activity of these antibodies against new variants and adapt treatment strategies accordingly.

From mass vaccination to personalized vaccinology? The COVID-19 case. Commentary.

In recent times, especially as a result of the experience gained worldwide with the COVID19 pandemic vaccination campaigns, the personalization of vaccination strategies is becoming increasingly important. This does not yet mean bringing precision medicine and genomics approaches into immunization campaigns, but where there is more than one vaccine against the same disease, there is a need to identify criteria for personalizing vaccination.Vaccination strategies based on prescription appropriateness - whenever is possible - can lead to more effective immune response, reduced rates of adverse events, increased public confidence in vaccination and higher vaccination coverage, contributing to a decrease of morbidity and mortality related to preventable diseases.

Retrospective observational study on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the prescription of medications for the treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Comparison of a European and an American cohort.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychological disorder that affects the development of children and adolescents. The causes are not fully known although the origin of the disorder appears to depend on a combination of environmental, social, biochemical, and genetic factors. There is substantial evidence the Covid-19 pandemic caused an increase in mental disorders and therefore in spending related to the treatment of diseases.

One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) as revisional procedures after failed laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG): systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare weight loss and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remission after one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) as revisional procedures after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Methods: In PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, a search was performed using the terms "Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus one anastomosis gastric bypass," "revisional surgery," and "sleeve gastrectomy." Only original articles in English language comparing OAGB and RYGB were included.

The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cystic fibrosis undergoing CFTR channel modulators treatment: a literature review.

Several risk factors for Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) disease have been highlighted in clinical evidence. Among the various risk factors are advanced age, metabolic illness such as diabetes, heart disease, and diseases of the respiratory system. Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a rare disease with autosomal recessive transmission, characterised by a lack of synthesis of the CFTR channel protein, and multi-organ clinical symptoms mainly affecting the respiratory tract with recurrent pulmonary exacerbations.