Gut Microbiota Differs in Composition and Functionality Between Children With Type 1 Diabetes and MODY2 and Healthy Control Subjects: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: Type 1 diabetes is associated with compositional differences in gut microbiota. To date, no microbiome studies have been performed in maturity-onset diabetes of the young 2 (MODY2), a monogenic cause of diabetes. Gut microbiota of type 1 diabetes, MODY2, and healthy control subjects was compared.

[Validation study of an acute bronchiolitis severity scale to determine admission to a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit].

Introduction: At present, there are few validated scoring tests for assessing acute bronchiolitis (AB) severity, and limited information on their test power. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the validity of an acute bronchiolitis severity score (ABSS) to help in deciding PICU admission.

Patients And Method: Prospective, descriptive, observational study of previously healthy infants under 1 year of age with AB, where the ABSS was used to compare severity as regards the need for PICU admission.

[Lower lymphocyte response in severe cases of acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus].

Introduction: Acute bronchiolitis (AB) of the infant has a serious outcome in 6-16% of the hospital admitted cases. Its pathogenesis and evolution is related to the response of the T lymphocytes. The objective of the present study is to determine if the lower systemic lymphocytic response is related to a worse outcome of AB in hospitalised infants.

[Apnoea in infants with bronchiolitis: Incidence and risk factors for a prediction model].

Introduction: The presence of apnoea in acute bronchiolitis (AB) varies between 1.2% and 28.8%, depending on the series, and is one of its most fearsome complications.

[Low bone mineral density in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Prevalence and related factors].

Introduction: Height adjustment is currently recommended for Z-score bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. At present there are no studies that evaluate the prevalence of low BMD in paediatric patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) in Spain following current recommendations.

Objectives: To evaluate low BMD in JIA in paediatric patients with JIA in Spain following the latest recommendations, as well as to assess associated factors.

[Prediction of Severe Course in Infants with RSV Bronchiolitis under 6 Months. Spain].

Objective: The need for mechanical ventilation (MV) in acute bronchiolitis (AB) by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) varies depending on the series (6-18%). Our goal is to determine the admissions to PICU for MV in patients under 6 months with AB and define the risk factors for building a prediction model.

Methods: Retrospective study of patients younger than 6 months admitted by BA-VRS between the periods April 1, 2010 and March 31, 2015 was made.

[Epidemiology of patients hospitalised due to bronchiolitis in the south of Europe: Analysis of the epidemics, 2010-2015].

Introduction: The renewal of clinical practice guidelines on acute bronchiolitis (AB) requires the re-assessment of the consequences of their implementation. An update is presented on the main clinical and epidemiological variables in patients hospitalised due to AB in Southern Europe and an analysis made of the causes associated with longer hospital stay.

Patients And Method: A retrospective study was conducted on patients admitted to hospital due to AB during 5 epidemics (2010-2015), with an analysis of the major clinical and epidemiological variables.

Paradoxical reaction in immunocompetent children with tuberculosis.

Background: A paradoxical reaction (PR) during anti-tuberculosis treatment is a phenomenon that is poorly studied in immunocompetent children. It is defined as a clinical or radiological worsening of pre-existing tuberculosis (TB) disease.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of children younger than 14 years of age was performed; these children developed PR during the years 2009 to 2014, following a diagnosis of TB.

[Renal scarring in children under 36 months hospitalised for acute pyelonephritis].

Introduction: Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is one of the most common causes of serious bacterial infection in infants. Renal scarring is the most prevalent long-term complication.

Objectives: To review the incidence of renal scarring within 6 months after an episode of APN in children under 36 months and its relationship with imaging studies, clinical settings, and bacteriology.

[Incidence and severity of pertussis in infants with a respiratory syncytial virus infection].

Introduction: Pertussis is a re-emerging disease that mostly affects infants. At this age, the severity can be affected by intercurrent infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of RSV infection during an epidemic period in patients hospitalized due to pertussis.