Identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with wilting and crown rot in almond (Prunus dulcis).

Severe Fusarium wilt and crown root symptoms were observed in almond orchards in Portugal. The present study elucidates the etiology of the disease through molecular, phenotypic, and pathogenic characterization. Three Fusarium isolates from Portugal were tested and 12 Fusarium isolates from almond from Spain were included for comparative purposes.

spp. Strains as Potential Biological Control Agents against Verticillium Wilt of Olive.

Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) caused by is considered a major olive () disease in Mediterranean-type climate regions. The lack of effective chemical products against VWO makes it necessary to search for alternatives such as biological control. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of six spp.

Bioprotection of Olive Trees Against Verticillium Wilt by Pomegranate and Carob Extracts.

Bioprotection through the use of plant extracts is an environmentally friendly strategy in crop protection. Effective control of Verticillium wilt of olive (; VWO), caused by , has proven challenging because of the ineffectiveness of chemicals, which makes it necessary to search for new control tools. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pomegranate () and carob () extracts on VWO.

Fungal Pathogens Associated with Almond Decline Syndrome, an Emerging Disease Complex in Intensive Almond Crops in Southern Spain.

In 2016, an almond () decline syndrome (ADS) emerged in intensive almond plantations in the Andalusia region (southern Spain), showing branch dieback, gummosis, and general tree decline. The aim of this work was to elucidate the etiology of this disease complex. For this purpose, surveys were conducted across the Andalusia region, and a wide collection of fungi was recovered from wood samples showing gum and internal discoloration.

Study of the competition between Colletotrichum godetiae and C. nymphaeae, two pathogenic species in olive.

Olive anthracnose, a critical olive fruit disease that adversely impacts oil quality, is caused by Colletotrichum species. A dominant Colletotrichum species and several secondary species have been identified in each olive-growing region. This study surveys the interspecific competition between C.

Diversity of Cellulolytic Microorganisms Associated with the Subterranean Termite .

is a subterranean termite species that forages on woody structures of the Iberian Peninsula, and is often a building and crops pest. A total of 23 microorganisms associated with the activity of were isolated from colonized ecosystems in southern Spain. They were morphologically and molecularly characterized, with fungi being the most prevalent ones.

Biological and Urea Treatments Reduce the Primary Inoculum of Red Leaf Blotch of Almond Caused by .

Red leaf blotch (RLB), caused by , is considered the most prevalent foliar disease in both traditional and new intensive almond-growing areas in Spain. Since the disease is monocyclic, its control must be based on the reduction of the only source of inoculum-the leaves infected in the previous season and fallen to the ground in autumn. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of two microorganisms and urea on RLB inoculum reduction by evaluating different application modes to fallen leaves in field conditions.

Effects of Cultivar Susceptibility, Branch Age, and Temperature on Infection by Botryosphaeriaceae and Fungi on English Walnut ().

Botryosphaeriaceae and fungi have been described as the main causal agents of branch dieback and shoot blight of English walnut ( L.). To date, the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on disease development on this host are still poorly understood.

Characterization of Actinobacterial Strains as Potential Biocontrol Agents against and , the Main Soil-Borne Pathogens of in Cuba.

Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani are considered two major soil-borne pathogens of Phaseolus vulgaris in Cuba. Their management is difficult, not only due to their intrinsic biology as soil-borne pathogens, but also because the lack of active ingredients available against these pathogens. Actinobacteria, a heterogeneous bacterial group traditionally known as actinomycetes have been reported as promising biological control agents (BCAs) in crop protection.

Influence of Cultivar and Biocontrol Treatments on the Effect of Olive Stem Extracts on the Viability of Conidia.

The effect of olive () stem extract (OSE) on the viability of conidia of , the causal agent of Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), is not yet well understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of the olive genotype (cultivar resistance) and the interaction between olive cultivars and biocontrol treatments on the effect of OSE on conidial germination of by sensitivity tests. To this end, OSE from cultivars Frantoio, Arbequina, and Picual, respectively tolerant, moderately susceptible, and highly susceptible to , were tested alone or after treatments with biological control agents (BCAs) and commercial products efficient at reducing the progress of VWO.

Elucidating the Effect of Nutritional Imbalances of N and K on the Infection of in Olive.

The effect of mineral nutrition on wilt diseases has been previously reported in many herbaceous hosts, though such an effect on Verticillium wilt in olive ( L.; VWO), caused by , is still uncertain. Field observations reveal that nitrogen (N) excess or imbalances of N-potassium (K) favour VWO epidemics.

Etiology of Septoria Leaf Spot of Pistachio in Southern Spain.

Septoria leaf spot (SLS) is the most prevalent disease of pistachio ( L.) in Spain. To elucidate its etiology, 22 samples of pistachio leaves showing SLS symptoms were collected mainly from 1993 to 2018 across southern Spain.

Plant Biostimulants: New Insights Into the Biological Control of Verticillium Wilt of Olive.

Verticillium wilt of olive ( subsp. L.) (VWO), caused by the hemibiotrophic soil-borne fungus Kleb.

Lack of Evidence for Transmission of by the Olive Bark Beetle in Olive Trees.

Verticillium wilt of olive, caused by Kleb., is one of the most important diseases affecting olive crops in the Mediterranean area. With the aim to evaluate the role of (Bernard) (olive bark beetle) as a dispersal vector of , several experiments were conducted in semi-controlled conditions from May 2009 to April 2012.

Vascular Fungi Associated with Branch Dieback of Olive in Super-High-Density Systems in Southern Spain.

Symptoms of branch dieback of olive with internal longitudinal dark streaking were observed during routine surveys in super-high-density systems in southern Spain. Nineteen fungal isolates recovered from wood samples showing internal discoloration and necrotic xylem vessels were selected. Multilocus alignments of the internal transcribed spacer, 28S ribosomal RNA, β-tubulin, or actin were performed, and the following species were identified: , , sp.

Water Stress Enhances the Progression of Branch Dieback and Almond Decline under Field Conditions.

Branch dieback and tree decline have been described as a common complex disease worldwide in woody crops, with Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthaceae being considered the most frequent fungi associated with the disease symptoms. Their behaviour is still uncertain, since they are considered endophytes becoming pathogenic in weakened hosts when stress conditions, such as water deficiency occur. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to determine if water stress enhances general decline on weakened almond trees subjected to different irrigation treatments under natural field conditions.

Almond Anthracnose: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.

Almond anthracnose caused by spp. has been described as one of the most important diseases of this nut crop in the main almond-growing regions worldwide, including California, Australia and Spain. Currently, almond anthracnose is considered a re-emerging disease in the countries across the Mediterranean Basin due to the shift of plantations from the original crop areas to others with climatic, edaphic and orographic conditions favoring crop growing and yield.

Inoculum and Infection Dynamics of in Almond Orchards in Spain.

Red leaf blotch (RLB) disease of almond, caused by , is an important foliar disease in most production regions of the Mediterranean basin and the Middle East because severe infections may cause a premature defoliation of the tree. Some key aspects on the epidemiology of . were studied in multiyear trials in two almond-growing regions in Spain, which included the seasonal development of perithecia and production and germination of ascospores along with the disease incubation and plant infectivity periods.

Etiology of Branch Dieback and Shoot Blight of English Walnut Caused by Botryosphaeriaceae and Species in Southern Spain.

English walnut ( L.) is considered an economically important fruit crop worldwide. In Spain, little attention has been given to walnut diseases owing to the minor economic importance of the walnut crop in the country until recently.

The Role of Volatile Organic Compounds and Rhizosphere Competence in Mode of Action of the Non-pathogenic FO12 Toward Verticillium Wilt.

Verticillium wilts caused by spp. are among the most challenging plant diseases to control and affect numerous hosts worldwide. Due to the lack of effective, conventional control methods, integrated control strategies provide a promising approach to manage these diseases.

Effects of Cultivar Susceptibility, Fruit Maturity, Leaf Age, Fungal Isolate, and Temperature on Infection of Almond by spp.

Almond anthracnose, caused by spp., is a reemerging disease in Spain. To date, little research has been conducted on the factors affecting this disease development.

Ecology and Epidemiology of Diseases of Nut Crops and Olives Caused by Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi in California and Spain.

In recent decades, the cultivated area and production of nuts and olives have increased, driven by an increasing consumer interest in healthier food. Diseases of almond, pistachio, olive, and walnut crops caused by species belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae family have caused concern worldwide. Although considerable progress has been made in elucidating the etiology of these diseases, scientific knowledge of other aspects of these diseases is more limited.

Interaction Between and Causing Branch Dieback and Fruit Blight of English Walnut in California, and the Effect of Pruning Wounds on the Infection.

Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthaceae species are the causal agents of branch dieback of English walnut in California. In this study, the effects of the interaction between and were evaluated in vitro by using mycelial plugs or spore suspensions and in vivo by inoculating shoots and epicarps (hulls) of walnut. Single inoculations of each species and different coinfection treatments were performed under laboratory or field conditions.