Small Nucleolar RNAs in Solid Tumors: A Brief Review of the Literature on These Potential Biomarkers.

Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct an integrative review, addressing the key findings, biological functions, and clinical significance of these biomolecules in solid tumors.

Methods: This document analyzes the main data on the involvement of snoRNAs in solid tumors. For this, Pubmed and Science direct were used, with keywords.

What is the role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer? A systematic literature review.

Cervical Cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms among women, considered the leading cause of gynecological death worldwide, and the fourth most common type of cancer. Regional metastasis is closely related to the low effectiveness of treatment, and validating biomarkers can optimize accuracy in diagnosis and prognosis. Among the potential biomarkers associated with disease metastasis are circular RNAs (circRNAs), whose altered expression has been linked to CC progression.

Cyclin D1 expression in penile cancer.

The main goal of the present study was to analyze the expression profile of cyclin D1 in patients with PC, and to determine possible correlations with clinical and histopathological features. A survey was conducted with 100 patients diagnosed with PC, who were treated at two reference hospitals in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, between 2013 and 2017. A review of clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological data was performed, Human Papillomavírus (HPV) DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cyclin D1 expression analysis was performed using immunohistochemical techniques.

Tip Lesion Most Frequent FSGS Variant Related to COVID-19 Vaccine: Two Case Reports and Literature Review.

Large-scale COVID-19 vaccination has been one of the most effective strategies to control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, several cases of glomerular injury related to the COVID-19 vaccine have been described in the literature. We report two cases of a tip lesion variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which presented with significant proteinuria and improved after immunosuppression.

What is the Role of SNORA42 in Carcinogenesis? A Systematic Review.

Objective: Perform a systematic literature review on SNORA42 in carcinogenesis in order to elucidate its importance, its potential use as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target.

Methods: Using PubMed, SciELO and Science Direct databases as search means, articles that are in line with the scope of the study, written in English, that were published between 2012 and 2022, were selected using the following keywords: "small nucleolar RNA 42", "snoRNA 42" and "SNORA42", as well as searches for the synonyms of this snoRNA (SNORA80E, box H/ACA 42 and ACA42).

Result: From a total of 131 studies, seven were selected, in which it was possible to identify that SNORA42 interferes in several biological processes, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and signaling pathways.

A comprehensive analysis of penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence reveals new insights into the disease.

Background: Although penile cancer (PC) is uncommon in developed countries, it is widespread in developing countries. The state of Maranhão (Northeast, Brazil) has the highest global incidence recorded for PC, and, despite its socioeconomic vulnerability, it has been attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aimed to determine the histopathological features, the prevalence of HPV infection, and the immunohistochemical profile of PC in Maranhão.

Non-Coding RNA in Penile Cancer.

Penile cancer (PC) still presents a health threat for developing countries, in particular Brazil. Despite this, little progress has been made on the study of markers, including molecular ones, that can aid in the correct management of the patient, especially concerning lymphadenectomy. As in other neoplasms, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been investigated for penile cancer, with emphasis on microRNAs, piRNAs (PIWI-interacting small RNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs).

Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Glans.

Penile leiomyosarcoma isz an extremely uncommon entity that rarely occurs in the glans. Due to the limited number of cases described in literature, guidelines regarding non-surgical treatment, prognosis, and management remain equivocal. Among the mesenchymal tumors of the penis, leiomyosarcoma has the highest propensity for recurrence.

Downregulation of miR-145 is associated with perineural invasion in penile carcinoma.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a risk factor for penile cancer (PC). The miR-145 expression has been correlated to this virus genomic amplification. In this context, this work aims to determine the expression level of miR-145 in penile tumors infected by high-risk HPV and correlate it with the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumor and protein expression of p53.

Pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma: first case report on penis.

Pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma, also called pseudovascular, pseudoangiomatoid or adenoid pseudovascular carcinoma, is an uncommon and highly aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Histologically, it is characterized by proliferation of atypical keratinocytes with acantholysis and formation of pseudovascular spaces, forming anastomosed channels lined with neoplastic cells that invade the dermis. These cells are positive for cytokeratin and negative for vascular markers such as CD31 and CD34.

Brazilian Consortium for the Study on Renal Diseases Associated With COVID-19: A Multicentric Effort to Understand SARS-CoV-2-Related Nephropathy.

Kidney involvement appears to be frequent in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite this, information concerning renal involvement in COVID-19 is still scarce. Several mechanisms appear to be involved in the complex relationship between the virus and the kidney.

A cohort study among 402 patients with penile cancer in Maranhão, Northeast Brazil with the highest worldwide incidence.

Objective: Maranhão State-Northeast Brazil-has the world's highest incidence of penile cancer. This study describes the epidemiological, histopathological and clinical profile of patients stricken across that Brazilian state. The study is aimed at providing new data on neoplasia.

Genomic profiling reveals the pivotal role of hrHPV driving copy number and gene expression alterations, including mRNA downregulation of TP53 and RB1 in penile cancer.

The incidence of penile cancer (PeCa) is increasing worldwide, however, the highest rates are reported in underdeveloped countries. The molecular mechanisms that underly the onset and progression of these tumors are still unclear. Therefore, our goal was to determine the genome-wide copy number alterations and the involvement of human papiloma virus (HPV) (TP53 and RB1), inflammatory (COX2 and EGFR), and PI3K/AKT pathway (AKT1, AKT2, EGFR, ERBB3, ERBB4, PIK3CA, and PTEN) associated genes in patients with PeCa from a high incidence region in Brazil (Maranhão).

MIR-107, MIR-223-3P and MIR-21-5P Reveals Potential Biomarkers in Penile Cancer.

Background: Inguinal lymph node involvement is the main prognostic factor in patients with penile cancer. However, there is a lack of marker/s for lymph node metastasis. microRNAs have been investigated as potential markers for prognosis of various types of cancer.

Profile of patients with penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence.

To determine the epidemiological, histopathological, and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with penile cancer in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, the region with the highest incidence worldwide. One hundred and sixteen penile cancer patients were interviewed from July 2016 to October 2018. The majority of patients lived in a rural area (57%), worked in farming (58%), had a low level of schooling or no schooling (90%), and were married or in a stable relationship (74%).

Evaluation of diagnosed cases of eye rhinosporidiosis in a public hospital of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil.

Background: Oculosporidiosis (ocular rhinosporidiosis) accounts for 15% of cases of rhinosporidiosis, which is a chronic granulomatous disease and is endemic in India and Sri Lanka. In Brazil, the climatic and hydrographic similarities to these endemic areas and the presence of riverside populations contributes to an increase in the incidence of rhinosporidiosis particularly in the State of Maranhão. This study, therefore, aimed to identify the number of diagnosed cases of oculosporidiosis and describe its the clinical epidemiology, laboratory, histopathology, and therapeutic characteristics.

Dural-Based Frontal Lobe Hemangioblastoma.

Background: Hemangioblastomas are benign vascular neoplasms that may be associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. They are more common in men, with a mean age of 36 years, and rarely affect the supratentorial region and, when present in this topography, do not have meningeal impairment. Diagnosis by the radiologic and histopathologic study is difficult, since they are rare and, therefore, forgotten diagnosis, besides they are differential diagnoses with other supratentorial neoplasms.

Psoriasis in obesity: comparison of serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in obese subjects - cases and controls.

Background: Psoriasis and obesity are somewhat related to a low-grade systemic inflammatory response.

Objectives: To determine leptin and adiponectin levels in psoriasis patients compared to control patients matched for weight.

Methods: A case-control study was performed, evaluating 113 psoriasis patients and 41 controls with other dermatologic diseases.

American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a northeast Brazilian city: clinical and epidemiological features.

Introduction: This study characterized the clinico-epidemiological profile of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases in Barbalha, Ceará State, Brazil.

Methods: Medical records of 363 patients visiting Federal University of Cariri between 2009 and 2014 were analyzed.

Results: ACL was more prevalent in men with low education level from rural zones.

P16INK4a expression in patients with penile cancer.

Background: Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is reported to be present in 30-50% of penile cancer cases. The immunohistochemical test for p16INK4a is used as an indicator of the presence of HPV and as a prognostic marker for squamous cell carcinomas in various sites. However, the role of this marker in penile carcinoma has not yet been completely elucidated.

Association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cervical carcinoma: A meta-analysis.

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated as a major factor in cervical carcinogenesis. However, many pieces of evidence gathered over the last two decades suggest Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a secondary role in this process. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to determine whether the presence of EBV infection increases the risk of cervical carcinoma.

Association between obesity-related biomarkers and cognitive and motor development in infants.

Background: This study aimed to verify the association between obesity-related biomarkers and cognitive and motor development in infants between 6 and 24 months of age.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 infants and plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2), chemokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serum cortisol and redox status were measured. The Bayley-III test was utilized to evaluate cognitive and motor development, and multiple linear stepwise regression models were performed to verify the association between selected biomarkers and cognitive and motor development.