Neurological manifestations of immune origin after COVID-19 vaccination: retrospective case study.

To know the frequency and characteristics of neurological manifestations of probable immune origin occurring after exposure to COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, to pre-study the usefulness of the Spanish pharmacovigilance system and lymphocyte transformation test in establishing causality. Retrospective case study, including patients admitted to the Neurology department from January 2021 to May 2022 with a probable neuroimmune disorder.

Antibody Content against Epstein-Barr Virus in Blood Extracellular Vesicles Correlates with Disease Activity and Brain Volume in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

We aimed to analyze whether EVs carry antibodies against EBV antigens and the possibility that they could serve as diagnostic and disease activity blood biomarkers in RRMS. This was a prospective and observational study including patients with RRMS with active and inactive disease and healthy controls. Blood EVs were isolated by precipitation.

Dual role of peripheral B cells in multiple sclerosis: emerging remote players in demyelination and novel diagnostic biomarkers.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease caused by a pathogenic immune response against the myelin sheath surfaces of oligodendrocytes. The demyelination has been classically associated with pathogenic B cells residing in the central nervous system that release autoreactive antibodies against myelin. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate delivery of myelin autoreactive antibodies from peripheral B cells against oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis (MS) and to analyze whether these EVs could mediate demyelination .

Brain and immune system-derived extracellular vesicles mediate regulation of complement system, extracellular matrix remodeling, brain repair and antigen tolerance in Multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated central nervous system disease whose course is unpredictable. Finding biomarkers that help to better comprehend the disease's pathogenesis is crucial for supporting clinical decision-making. Blood extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles secreted by all cell types that contain information on the disease's pathological processes.

The study of neural antibodies in neurology: A practical summary.

The field of Autoimmune Neurology is expanding rapidly, with new neural antibodies being identified each year. However, these disorders remain rare. Deciding when to test for these antibodies, when and what samples are to be obtained, how to handle and study them correctly, and how to interpret test results, is complex.

Therapeutic plasma exchange for myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and other immune-mediated neurological diseases, over a 40-year experience.

Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was first used in neurology in the 1980s for myasthenia gravis (MG) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Indications have since grown. Fear of complications with this treatment modality limit its use.

Serum glutamate decarboxylase antibodies and neurological disorders: when to suspect their association?

Objectives: To explore different neurological manifestations with suspicion of being associated to serum glutamate decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-Abs) in order to better characterize anti-GAD neurological syndromes.

Methods: Observational retrospective study including all patients for whom GAD65-Abs titers in serum were requested by the Neurology Department at La Paz University Hospital between 2015 and 2019. GAD-Abs were measured by ELISA.

Identifying Perceptual, Motor, and Cognitive Components Contributing to Slowness of Information Processing in Multiple Sclerosis with and without Depressive Symptoms.

Increasing findings suggest that different components of the stimulus-response pathway (perceptual, motor or cognitive) may account for slowed performance in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It has also been reported that depressive symptoms (DS) exacerbate slowness in MS. However, no prior studies have explored the independent and joint impact of MS and DS on each of these components in a comprehensive manner.

The contribution of depressive symptoms to slowness of information processing in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.

Background: Slowness of information processing has been suggested as a fundamental factor modulating cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the contribution of depressive symptoms (DS) to slowness remains unclear. One of the most accepted hypotheses on the impact of depression on the general population suggests that depression interferes only with tasks requiring high cognitive demands.

Differential glatiramer acetate treatment persistence in treatment-naive patients compared to patients previously treated with interferon.

Background: In the treatment of multiple sclerosis, a change of therapy is considered after treatment failure or adverse events. Although disease modifying drugs' (DMD) efficacy and side effects have been fully analysed in clinical trials, the effects of previous therapy use are less well studied. We aimed to study medication persistence with glatiramer acetate in treatment-naive patients and in patients previously treated with interferon.