Hybrid Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty: Reediting an Aesthetic Dorsum.

Background: The prerequisite of a well-shaped dorsum with proper dorsal aesthetic lines that needs no modifications in its width and symmetry is key to letdown and push-down techniques as classically described. The common current concept is that total preservation of the middle vault is obligatory. This, however, obviously limits the indications, since nasal dorsum with natural aesthetic dorsal lines per se is relatively few.

Immunity-targeted approaches to the management of chronic and recurrent upper respiratory tract disorders in children.

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), including rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, tonsillitis and otitis media (OM), comprise of 88% of total respiratory infections, especially in children. Therefore effective prevention and treatment of RTIs remain a high priority worldwide. Preclinical and clinical data highlight the rationale for the use and effectiveness of immunity-targeted approaches, including targeted immunisations and non-specific immunomodulation in the prevention and management of recurrent upper RTIs.