[Isolated yeast species in urine samples in a Spanish regional hospital].

Candiduria detection in hospitalized or immunocompromised patients is of great clinical significance. The aim of our study was to describe the isolation frequency of significant species of yeasts in urine samples processed in our hospital during the period 2010- 2013, and to analyze their susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents. Species identification was performed by seeding on a chromogenic medium, the filamentation test and automated systems (ASM Vitek and MALDI Biotyper), while susceptibility was determined using the ASM Vitek system.

Characterization of daptomycin non-susceptible Enterococcus faecium producing urinary tract infection in a renal transplant recipient.

Objectives: Characterization of a urine isolate of daptomycin non-susceptible Enterococcus faecium recovered from a patient with kidney transplantation and no history of daptomycin exposure.

Methods: After isolation in a urine sample, identification of E. faecium was confirmed by amplification of the E.

Evolution of the resistance to antibiotics of bacteria involved in urinary tract infections: a 7-year surveillance study.

Background: We conducted a retrospective analysis on the identification and antibiogram of all bacteria isolated from urine samples with microbiological confirmation of urinary tract infection (UTI) in a Spanish reference hospital over a 7-year period.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of the identification and antibiogram data.

Results: A total of 31,758 uropathogens were isolated.

Implementation of a computerized decision support system to improve the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy using local microbiologic data.

A prospective quasi-experimental study was undertaken in 218 patients with suspicion of nosocomial infection hospitalized in a polyvalent ICU where a new electronic device (GERB) has been designed for antibiotic prescriptions. Two GERB-based applications were developed to provide local resistance maps (LRMs) and preliminary microbiological reports with therapeutic recommendation (PMRTRs). Both applications used the data in the Laboratory Information System of the Microbiology Department to report on the optimal empiric therapeutic option, based on the most likely susceptibility profile of the microorganisms potentially responsible for infection in patients and taking into account the local epidemiology of the hospital department/unit.

Sysmex UF-1000i performance for screening yeasts in urine.

We tested the capacity of the Sysmex UF-1000i system to detect yeasts in urine by screening a total of 22 132 urine samples received for culture in our microbiology laboratory during 1 year. We also analyzed different dilutions of previously filtered urine inoculated with a strain of Candida albicans. With clinical samples, a single cut-off point of 50 yeast-like cells (YLCs)/μL detected candiduria ≥10 000 colony forming units (CFU)/mL and >100 000 CFU/mL with a sensitivity of 87.

[Relevance of the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in human urine in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections].

Background And Objective: Techniques membrane antigen immunochromatographic detecting in urine the pneumococcal polysaccharide C, have developed significantly, increasing requests for antigenuria to clinical microbiology laboratories. We evaluated the impact of the application of this test in the diagnosis of infections of lower respiratory tract.

Patients And Method: Six hundred and sixteen determinations were performed by antigenuria BinaxNOW(®) S.

Infectious agents associated with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.

Schizophrenia is a highly disabling and limiting disorder for patients and the possibility that infections by some microorganisms may be associated to its development may allow prevention and recovery. In the current study we have done a meta-analysis of studies that have assessed the possible association between detection of different infectious agents and schizophrenia. We report results that support the idea that there is a statistically significant association between schizophrenia and infection by Human Herpesvirus 2 (OR=1.

Low intrathecal immune response of anti-EBNA-1 antibodies and EBV DNA from multiple sclerosis patients.

Numerous studies have been carried out to determine whether an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can be considered a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), following the evidence of an increase in IgG response to nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from MS patients. However, the possible interaction between EBV and MS has still not been well characterized, and the possible pathogenic role is yet to be determined. A case-control study (76 cases and 75 controls) was conducted to investigate anti-EBV antibodies synthesis in serum and CSF through intrathecal specific IgG synthesis to EBNA-1, as well as the presence of EBV DNA in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and CSF from MS patients.

Serological diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: limitations and perspectives.

Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular human pathogen responsible for a wide range of acute and chronic human diseases, including pneumonia and other respiratory diseases. Serological methods for the diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection vary widely, and several authors have reported significant inter- and intra-laboratory variability in diagnostic methods and criteria.

Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial strains isolated from Periplaneta americana and Musca domestica in Tangier, Morocco.

Background: Flies and cockroaches are two insects in close contact with human beings. They are carriers of human pathogenic bacteria on the external areas of their bodies or in their digestive tracts. This study examines Periplaneta americana and Musca domestica collected from the residential areas of six districts in Tangier, Morocco.

Comparative evaluation of three culture methods for the isolation of mycobacteria from clinical samples.

We assessed the capacity of two liquid-medium culture methods with automated incubation and reading systems (MB/BacT ALERT 3D System and BACTEC MGIT 960 System) and one solid-medium culture method (Löwenstein- Jensen) to detect mycobacteria in different types of clinical samples. Out of 1,770 cultured clinical samples (1,519 of respiratory origin and 251 of nonrespiratory origin), mycobacteria were isolated in 156 samples (135 M. tuberculosis complex, 8 M.

Antimicrobial development in the era of emerging resistance.

Antibiotics currently under study by the Food and Drugs Administration include: faropenem (for treatment of sinusitis, bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia), dalbavancin (for catheter infections), telavancin (for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia), oritavancin (for bacteremia), ceftobiprole and iclaprim (for pneumonias). Moreover, all of them would be useful for skin and soft tissue infections.

Activity of daptomycin against multiresistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae.

The activity of daptomycin against 141 Staphylococcus aureus and 63 Streptococcus agalactiae isolates was assessed. The isolates were previously characterized and showed resistance to the antibiotics normally used against gram-positive cocci. Daptomycin was active against 100% of the isolates (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC(90)] = 0.

[Chlamydophila pneumoniae: from its proteomics to arteriosclerosis].

Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a highly prevalent intracellular human pathogen with a unique biphasic life cycle. It is a common cause of upper respiratory infection and pneumonia, and is currently being studied as a potential risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The outer membrane surface antigens of C.

Activity in vitro of twelve antibiotics against clinical isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli.

Twelve beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam antibiotics were evaluated against 115 clinical isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBLs) Escherichia coli using a broth microdilution test in accordance with the CLSI guidelines. Susceptibility was 100% with imipenem, ertapenem and amikacin, 95.7% with piperacillin-tazobactam, 91.

Contribution of a new mutation in parE to quinolone resistance in extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates.

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE were studied in 30 fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Ten isolates showed a mutation in parE that was significantly associated with an increase in the MIC for fluoroquinolones.

A comparison of the activity of tigecycline against multiresistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae.

We evaluated the activity of several antibiotics against 225 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 252 isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae. Only tigecycline, glycopeptides, and linezolid were active against all the isolates of S. aureus, whereas the beta-lactams were also active against S.

Meta-analysis of studies analyzing the relationship between bladder cancer and infection by human papillomavirus.

Purpose: Studies have been done of the possibility that infection by human papillomavirus is a risk factor contributing to bladder cancer but no definite conclusions have yet been drawn. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies published until July 2005 to ascertain the degree of association between bladder cancer and human papillomavirus infection.

Materials And Methods: The MEDLINE database was searched using the key words bladder cancer and virus.

[Description of immunogens of Chlamydia pneumoniae recognized by serum of individuals with peripheral artery disease].

Background And Objective: The relationship between antibodies to C. pneumoniae and presence of the bacteria was studied in individuals with peripheral arterial disease.

Patients And Method: An observational analytical, case-control study was performed in 118 patients (68 cases, 50 controls) to investigate immunoglobulin (Ig) G and A against C.

Evaluation of two automated systems for detection of bacteriuria.

The Utiscreen-CORAL Biomedical system and ROBOBACT system were tested against conventional uroculture in blood agar and MacConkey agar as a reference method to determine the bacteriuria from 400 samples. For the Utiscreen-CORAL Biomedical system, a sensitivity of 92.5% was obtained.

High presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and resistance to quinolones in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.

A study was conducted to detect the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in 706 isolates of Escherichia coli, largely from outpatients (75.2%). The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly NCCLS)-recommended disk diffusion procedure was used to detect ESBL presence; the VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux, Marcy L'Etoile, France) was used to determine the susceptibility to antibiotics of clinical interest, and the ESBLs were characterized by biochemical study, determining the isoelectric point, and by molecular study with PCR.

Relationship between peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and chronic Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae infection. A meta-analysis.

We carried out a meta-analysis of observational case-control studies published before May 2004 to assess the degree of association between Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cp) infection and PAOD. A search of the Medline database was performed using atherosclerosis and "Chlamyd* pneumoniae" as keywords. Strict criteria were applied for the selection of case studies, which had to be studies of Cp seroprevalence or of Cp detection in patients versus controls.

Acceptable performance of VITEK 2 system to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli: a comparative study of phenotypic commercial methods and NCCLS guidelines.

The disk approximation method, Etest (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden), and VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) were used to study 399 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing (115 strains) and non-ESBL-producing (284 strains) clinical isolates of Escherichia coli after recommended procedures. Comparative study of the phenotypic findings yielded data on the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values and performance of each method. The sensitivity (100% using 2 substrates), specificity (99.

High incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among outpatient clinical isolates of Escherichia coli: a phenotypic assessment of NCCLS guidelines and a commercial method.

The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) among 357 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and 175 of Klebsiella spp. was studied using both the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards disk diffusion method and the semiautomated Wider system. We highlight the predominance of E.