Automated ASPECTS Segmentation and Scoring Tool: a Method Tailored for a Colombian Telestroke Network.

To evaluate our two non-machine learning (non-ML)-based algorithmic approaches for detecting early ischemic infarcts on brain CT images of patients with acute ischemic stroke symptoms, tailored to our local population, to be incorporated in our telestroke software. One-hundred and thirteen acute stroke patients, excluding hemorrhagic, subacute, and chronic patients, with accessible brain CT images were divided into calibration and test sets. The gold standard was determined through consensus among three neuroradiologist.

Two decades of analysis of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis in Andalusia: Epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and progression aspects.

Background: This study focuses on the main complication associated with peritoneal dialysis, peritonitis. Its relevance derives from its high morbidity, the negative effect it has on the peritoneum as a dialysis membrane and its financial cost.

Methods: Analytical, non-interventional, observational cohort study, whose main objective is the analysis of peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis in Andalusia from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2017, with a total of 2904 peritonitis cases.

Comprehensive Telestroke Network to Optimize Health Care Delivery for Cerebrovascular Diseases: Algorithm Development.

Background: Health care delivery for cerebrovascular diseases is a complex process, which may be improved using telestroke networks.

Objective: The purpose of this work was to establish and implement a protocol for the management of patients with acute stroke symptoms according to the available treatment alternatives at the initial point of care and the transfer possibilities.

Methods: The review board of our institutions approved this work.

Accuracy and Reliability of the Recommendation for IV Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on Interpretation of Head CT on a Smartphone or a Laptop.

The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of IV thrombolysis recommendations made after interpretation of head CT images of patients with symptoms of acute stroke displayed on smartphone or laptop reading systems compared with those made after interpretation of images displayed on a medical workstation monitor. This retrospective study was institutional review board-approved, and the requirement for informed consent was waived. We used a factorial design including 2256 interpretations (188 patients, four neuroradiologists, and three reading systems).

Reliability and accuracy of individual Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score regions using a medical and a smartphone reading system in a telestroke network.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess individual regions of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score in noncontrast head computed tomography interpretations using a smartphone in a telestroke network, by comparison to a medical monitor.

Methods: The review board of our institution approved this retrospective study. A factorial design with 188 patients, four radiologists and two reading systems was used.

Evaluation of the Accuracy Equivalence of Head CT Interpretations in Acute Stroke Patients Using a Smartphone, a Laptop, or a Medical Workstation.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the clinical performance of observers interpreting head CT images from patients with symptoms of acute stroke with a medical workstation or a smartphone or laptop reading system.

Materials And Methods: Our institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement for informed consent. We employed a factorial design including 2,256 interpretations (188 patients × 4 neuroradiologists × 3 reading systems).

Mobile device for thrombolysis decisions for telestroke.

Aim: This study compares the reliability of brain CT interpretations performed using a diagnostic workstation and a mobile tablet computer in a telestroke context.

Methods: A factorial design with 1,452 interpretations was used. Reliability was evaluated using the Fleiss' kappa coefficient on the agreements of the interpretation results on the lesion classification, presence of imaging contraindications to the intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) administration, and on the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS).

Ruling Out Brain CT Contraindications prior to Intravenous Thrombolysis: Diagnostic Equivalence between a Primary Interpretation Workstation and a Mobile Tablet Computer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the equivalence of brain CT interpretations performed using a diagnostic workstation and a mobile tablet computer, in a telestroke service.

Materials And Methods: The ethics committee of our institution approved this retrospective study. A factorial design with 1452 interpretations was used.

Reliability of the BI-RADS Final Assessment Categories and Management Recommendations in a Telemammography Context.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the intradevice and interdevice reliability of four alternatives for telemammography-computed radiography, printed film, a film digitizer, and a digital camera-in terms of interpretation agreement when using the BI-RADS lexicon.

Methods: The ethics committee of the authors' institution approved this retrospective study. A factorial design with repeated measures with 1,960 interpretations was used (70 patients, seven radiologists, and four devices).

Noninferiority and Equivalence Evaluation of Clinical Performance among Computed Radiography, Film, and Digitized Film for Telemammography Services.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical performance of different alternatives to implement low-cost screening telemammography. We compared computed radiography, film printed images, and digitized films produced with a specialized film digitizer and a digital camera. The ethics committee of our institution approved this study.

Co-activation of upper limb muscles during reaching in post-stroke subjects: an analysis of the contralesional and ipsilesional limbs.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the change in antagonist co-activation ratio of upper-limb muscle pairs, during the reaching movement, of both ipsilesional and contralesional limbs of post-stroke subjects. Nine healthy and nine post-stroke subjects were instructed to reach and grasp a target, placed in the sagittal and scapular planes of movement. Surface EMG was recorded from postural control and movement related muscles.

DICOM gray-scale standard display function: clinical diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography in medical-grade gray-scale and consumer-grade color displays.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy achieved with and without the calibration method established by the DICOM standard in both medical-grade gray-scale displays and consumer-grade color displays.

Materials And Methods: This study involved 76 cases, six radiologists, three displays, and two display calibrations for a total of 2736 observations in a multireader-multicase factorial design. The evaluated conditions were interstitial opacities, pneumothorax, and nodules.

Evaluation of low-cost telemammography screening configurations: a comparison with film-screen readings in vulnerable areas.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy for detecting breast cancer using different telemammography configurations, including combinations of both low-cost capture devices and consumer-grade color displays. At the same time, we compared each of these configurations to film-screen readings. This study used a treatment-by-reader-by-case factorial design.

Low-cost wearable data acquisition for stroke rehabilitation: a proof-of-concept study on accelerometry for functional task assessment.

Background: An increasingly aging society and consequently rising number of patients with poststroke-related neurological dysfunctions are forcing the rehabilitation field to adapt to ever-growing demands. Although clinical reasoning within rehabilitation is dependent on patient movement performance analysis, current strategies for monitoring rehabilitation progress are based on subjective time-consuming assessment scales, not often applied. Therefore, a need exists for efficient nonsubjective monitoring methods.

Diagnostic accuracy of digitized chest X-rays using consumer-grade color displays for low-cost teleradiology services: a multireader-multicase comparison.

Introduction: In teleradiology services and in hospitals, the extensive use of visualization displays requires affordable devices. The purpose of this study was to compare three differently priced displays (a medical-grade grayscale display and two consumer-grade color displays) for image visualization of digitized chest X-rays.

Materials And Methods: The evaluated conditions were interstitial opacities, pneumothorax, and nodules using computed tomography as the gold standard.

Evaluation of three pneumothorax size quantification methods on digitized chest X-ray films using medical-grade grayscale and consumer-grade color displays.

This study focused on the effects of pneumothorax size quantification in digital radiology environments when a quantification method is selected according to the radiologist's criteria. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of factors, including the radiologist (with different experience), displays (medical-grade and consumer-grade displays), or display calibration, on the Rhea, Collins, and Light quantification methods. This study used a factorial design with 76 cases, including 16 pneumothorax cases observed by six radiologists on three displays with and without the DICOM standard calibration.

Enterovirus co-infections and onychomadesis after hand, foot, and mouth disease, Spain, 2008.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), a common disease caused by enteroviruses (EVs), usually affects children. Clustered and sporadic HFMD cases, followed by onychomadesis (nail shedding), occurred during summer and fall 2008 in Valencia, Spain. Fecal samples from onychomadesis patients, who did or did not have previous HFMD, and from healthy children exposed to onychomadesis patients tested positive for EV.

Agreement and reading time for differently-priced devices for the digital capture of X-ray films.

We assessed the reliability of three digital capture devices: a film digitizer (which cost US $15,000), a flat-bed scanner (US $1800) and a digital camera (US $450). Reliability was measured as the agreement between six observers when reading images acquired from a single device and also in terms of the pair-device agreement. The images were 136 chest X-ray cases.

Comparison between different cost devices for digital capture of X-ray films: an image characteristics detection approach.

A common teleradiology practice is digitizing films. The costs of specialized digitizers are very high, that is why there is a trend to use conventional scanners and digital cameras. Statistical clinical studies are required to determine the accuracy of these devices, which are very difficult to carry out.

Comparison between differently priced devices for digital capture of X-ray films using computed tomography as a gold standard: a multireader-multicase receiver operating characteristic curve study.

Objective: Film digitizers are a specialized technology that is available for scanning X-ray radiographs; however, their cost makes them unaffordable for developing countries. Thus, less expensive alternatives are used. The purpose of this study was to compare three devices for digital capture of X-ray films: a film digitizer (US $15,000), a flatbed scanner (US $1800), and a 10-megapixel digital camera (US $450), in terms of diagnostic accuracy, defined as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves and computed tomography as the gold standard.

Onychomadesis outbreak in Valencia, Spain associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enteroviruses.

This report evaluates the June 2008 onychomadesis outbreak in Valencia, Spain. The study sample consisted of 221 onychomadesis cases and 77 nonaffected individuals who lived close to those affected. We collected data on dietary variables, hygiene products, and individual pathological histories.

[Diagnostics upon hospital release of immigrants in the city of Valencia, Spain (2001-2002)].

Background: Immigration has increased remarkably in Spain over the past ten years. For theoretical reasons, the question has been raised as to whether this population may possibly be responsible for a rise in the incidence and/or transmission of infectious diseases. However, very few studies have been conducted regarding the diseases among this group which would afford the possibility of ascertaining the importance of this statement.