COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in vaccinated and nonvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a multicenter validation study.

Clinical phenotypes of COVID-19, associated with mortality risk, have been identified in the general population. The present study assesses their applicability in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) hospital-admitted by COVID-19. In a cohort of 488 SOTR, nonvaccinated (n = 394) and vaccinated (n = 94) against SARS-CoV-2, we evaluated 16 demographic, clinical, analytical, and radiological variables to identify the clinical phenotypes A, B, and C.

Clinical and mycological outcomes of candidaemia and/or invasive candidiasis by Candida spp. and antifungal susceptibility: pooled analyses of two randomized trials of rezafungin versus caspofungin.

Objectives: A post hoc analysis used pooled STRIVE/ReSTORE trial data to determine outcomes with rezafungin versus caspofungin by Candida species and antifungal susceptibility.

Methods: The efficacy and safety of once weekly rezafungin 400/200 mg versus once daily caspofungin 70/50 mg was demonstrated in the randomized, double-blind phase 2 STRIVE (NCT02734862) and phase 3 ReSTORE (NCT03667690) trials involving adults with candidaemia and/or invasive candidiasis. In this analysis, data were pooled for patients with a documented Candida infection within 96 hours of randomization who also received ≥1 dose of study drug.

Clinical features and prognosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus.

Purpose: Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve endocarditis (SAPVE) is a serious infection with high mortality. The main objective of this study was to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality.

Methods: From January 2008 to December 2021, consecutive patients from a Spanish cohort of infective endocarditis with a definitive diagnosis of SAPVE were analyzed.

Fecal microbiota transplantation as a preventive treatment for recurrent acute cholangitis.

Background: Recurrent acute cholangitis (RAC) is a relatively uncommon entity that presents significant management difficulties. We present the case of a patient with RAC in whom the number of episodes was reduced after a novel therapeutic procedure.

Case Report: A 93-year-old male who in June 2019 was admitted for chills without fever, shivering, epigastric abdominal pain and moderate jaundice.

Trends in epidemiology, surgical management, and prognosis of infective endocarditis during the XXI century in Spain: A population-based nationwide study.

Background: Few population-based studies have evaluated the epidemiology of infective endocarditis (IE). Changes in population demographics and guidelines on IE may have affected both the incidence and outcomes of IE. Therefore, the aim of our study is to provide contemporary population-based epidemiological data of IE in Spain.

Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Mycotic Aneurysm in Patients With Infective Endocarditis and the Impact of its Rupture in Outcomes. Analysis of a National Prospective Cohort.

Background: Several aspects of the occurrence and management of mycotic aneurysm (MA) in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) have not been studied.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and factors associated with MA presence and rupture and to assess the evolution of those initially unruptured MA.

Methods: Prospective multicenter cohort including all patients with definite IE between January 2008 and December 2020.

Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: a double-blind randomised controlled trial.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory and tissue-regenerative properties and have shown promising results in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of multiple causes, including COVID-19. We conducted a randomised (1:1), placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of one bone marrow-derived MSC infusion in twenty patients with moderate to severe ARDS caused by COVID-19. The primary endpoint (increase in PaO2/FiO2 ratio from baseline to day 7, MSC 83.

Efficacy and safety of antiviral plus anti-spike monoclonal antibody combination therapy vs. monotherapy for high-risk immunocompromised patients with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV2 infection during the Omicron era: A prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Antivirals and monoclonal antibodies lower the risk of progression in immunocompromised patients. However, combination therapy with both types of agents has not been studied.

Patients And Methods: This was a single-centre, prospective, cohort study.

Bezlotoxumab during the first episode of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients at high risk of recurrence.

Purpose: To describe a cohort with a high risk of recurrence who received bezlotoxumab during the first episode of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and to compare this cohort with patients with similar characteristics who did not receive the monoclonal antibody.

Methods: A prospective and multicentre study of patients with a high risk of recurrence (expected recurrence rate>35%) who were treated with bezlotoxumab during their first episode of CDI was conducted. A propensity score-matched model 1:2 was used to compare both cohorts that were weighed according to basal characteristics (hospital-acquisition, creatinine value, and fidaxomicin as a CDI treatment).

Factors related to the development of high antibody titres against SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent plasma donors from the ConPlas-19 trial.

Background And Objectives: The efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CP) associates with high titres of antibodies. ConPlas-19 clinical trial showed that CP reduces the risk of progression to severe COVID-19 at 28 days. Here, we aim to study ConPlas-19 donors and characteristics that associate with high anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels.

Risk of endocarditis among patients with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus bacteremia.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are currently considered typical microorganisms causing infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with prosthetic valves. The objective was to determine variables associated with IE in patients with CoNS bacteremia. We performed an analysis of the clinical characteristics of patients with CoNS bacteremia admitted to a university hospital in Madrid (Spain) from 2021 to December 2022 according to the occurrence of IE.

Clinical presentation, microbiology, and prognostic factors of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Lessons learned from a large prospective registry.

Background: Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a serious infection associated with high mortality that often requires surgical treatment.

Methods: Study on clinical characteristics and prognosis of a large contemporary prospective cohort of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) that included patients diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2020. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with in-hospital mortality was performed.

Determining the usefulness of systematic F-FDG PET/CT for the management of invasive fungal infection (PETIFI project): a prospective national multicentre cohort study protocol.

Introduction: The evaluation of staging and activity of invasive fungal infection (IFI) is used to adjust the type and duration of antifungal therapy (AT). Typically anatomy-based imaging is used. Positron emission tomography/CT with F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG PET/CT) not only evaluates more than one body area in one session, but adds functional information to the anatomic data provided by usual imaging techniques and can potentially improve staging of IFI and monitoring of the response to therapy.

COVID-19 in hospitalized solid organ transplant recipients in a nationwide registry study.

Objectives: Underlying immunodeficiency has been associated with worse clinical presentation and increased mortality in patients with COVID-19. We evaluated the mortality of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients (SOTR) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19.

Methods: Nationwide, retrospective, observational analysis of all adults hospitalized because of COVID-19 in Spain during 2020.

Effect of the implementation of clinical guidelines on management of candidemia in elderly patients.

Introduction: Mortality from candidemia is higher in elderly population than in younger patients, which may be related to suboptimal management. The aim of the present study is to evaluate adherence to the recommendations for the clinical management of candidemia in a population over 75 years before and after implementing specific training.

Patients And Methods: We recorded retrospectively data from candidemia episodes in elderly patients during two periods of time: 2010-2015 years (before training) and 2017-2022 years (after training), as well as adherence to the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines, mortality and consultation to infectious disease specialists.

Sequential oral antibiotic in uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a propensity-matched cohort analysis.

Objectives: We aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of oral sequential therapy (OST) in uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB).

Methods: Single-centre observational cohort at a tertiary hospital in Spain, including all patients with the first SAB episode from January 2015 to December 2020. We excluded patients with complicated SAB and those who died during the first week.

Pathogen reduction with methylene blue does not have an impact on the clinical effectiveness of COVID-19 convalescent plasma.

Background And Objectives: There is a concern about a possible deleterious effect of pathogen reduction (PR) with methylene blue (MB) on the function of immunoglobulins of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP). We have evaluated whether MB-treated CCP is associated with a poorer clinical response compared to other inactivation systems at the ConPlas-19 clinical trial.

Materials And Methods: This was an ad hoc sub-study of the ConPlas-19 clinical trial comparing the proportion of patients transfused with MB-treated CCP who had a worsening of respiration versus those treated with amotosalen (AM) or riboflavin (RB).

Faecal Microbiota Transplantation is a simple, effective and safe treatment in the management of C. difficile infection in daily clinical practice.

Introduction: Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a treatment supported by wide scientific evidence and proved to be very effective in the management of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The objective of this study is to analyze its effectiveness and safety in a real clinical practice setting.

Methods: Retrospective, single-center and descriptive observational study in which all FMT performed between May 2016 and December 2020 were included.

Risk of Infective Endocarditis Associated with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Propensity Score-Based Analysis.

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a feared complication after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR)/transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). It is not certain which procedure carries a higher risk. Our aim was to assess the risk of IE after SAVR/TAVI.

Isavuconazole for the Treatment of Invasive Mold Disease in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Multicenter Study on Efficacy and Safety in Real-life Clinical Practice.

Background: Isavuconazole has theoretical advantages over other mold-active triazoles for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis after solid organ transplantation (SOT). The available clinical experience, nevertheless, is scarce.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study including all adult SOT recipients with proven or probable invasive mold disease (IMD) that received isavuconazole for ≥24 h as first-line or salvage therapy at 10 Spanish centers between September 2017 and November 2021.