The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity in Stockholm County - Evidence from time series models of smartphone measured daily steps data spanning over 3 years.

Background: It has been reported that physical activity levels decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies often relied on self-reported physical activity, which has low accuracy. Studies based on objectively measured physical activity have had short data collection periods, thereby not allowing the consideration of pre-pandemic levels of physical activity or the influence over the different waves of the pandemic.

Differences in Covid-19 mortality among persons 70 years and older in an integrated care setting in region Stockholm: a multi-level analysis between March 2020-February 2021.

Background: In Norrtälje municipality, within Region Stockholm, there is a joint integrated care organisation providing health and social care, which may have facilitated a more coordinated response to the covid-19 pandemic compared to the otherwise decentralised Swedish system. This study compares the risk of covid-19 mortality among persons 70 years and older, in the municipalities of Stockholm, Södertälje, and Norrtälje, while considering area and individual risk factors.

Methods: A population-based study using linked register data to examine covid-19 mortality among those 70 + years (N = 127,575) within the municipalities of interest between the periods March-August 2020 and September 2020-February 2021.

Are the estimated needs for mental health care among adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds met equally in Sweden? A longitudinal survey-registry linkage study.

Evidence of inequality in the utilisation of mental health care (MHC) by adolescents in Nordic countries is mixed. This study aims to investigate if there are socioeconomic differences in the utilisation of MHC, while accounting for adolescents' mental health status. We analysed a cohort of 3517 adolescents, followed from 7 to 9th grade (ages 13-16), to examine the association between parental socioeconomic position (SEP: education and disposable income), adolescents' estimated needs, and the utilisation of MHC (defined as visits to secondary psychiatric care or receipt of psychotropic medication).

The impact of residency training in family medicine on hospital admissions due to Ambulatory-care Sensitive Conditions in Rio de Janeiro.

Lack of skilled human resources in primary care remains a major concern for policymakers in low- and middle-income countries. There is little evidence supporting the impact of residency training in family medicine in the quality of care, and it perpetuates misconceptions among policymakers that the provision of primary care can be easily done by any physician without special training. This article compares the risk of patients being hospitalized due to Ambulatory care sensitive conditions and the odds of having follow-up visits in primary care after hospital discharge, according to the type of their medical provider: (1) Generalists (reference), (2) Family physicians; and, (3) patients with no consultations prior to the event.

Individual and neighborhood risk factors of hospital admission and death during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cohort study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionately affects minority populations in the USA. Sweden - like other Nordic countries - have less income and wealth inequality but lacks data on the socioeconomic impact on the risk of adverse outcomes due to COVID-19.

Methods: This population-wide study from March 2020 to March 2022 included all adults in Stockholm, except those in nursing homes or receiving in-home care.

Characterization of data-driven clusters in diabetes-free adults and their utility for risk stratification of type 2 diabetes.

Background: The prevention of type 2 diabetes is challenging due to the variable effects of risk factors at an individual level. Data-driven methods could be useful to detect more homogeneous groups based on risk factor variability. The aim of this study was to derive characteristic phenotypes using cluster analysis of common risk factors and to assess their utility to stratify the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Mortality from chronic respiratory disease in Brazil: time trend and forecasts.

Objective: To analyze the time trend of monthly mortality rates from chronic respiratory diseases in Brazil from 1996 to 2017, with forecasts for 2022, besides analyzing the possibility of achieving the goal of the Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis no Brasil (Strategic Action Plan to Tackle Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in Brazil) from 2011 to 2022.

Methods: This is an ecological study that uses data from Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System), Sistema de Informações Demográficas e Socioeconômicas (Demographic and Socioeconomic Information System) and Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua - Continuous National Household Sample Survey). We established the age range between 30 and 69 years old and the evolution of the rates over time was made by autoregressive integrated moving average models in R statistical tool.

Residency training in family medicine and its impact on coordination and continuity of care: an analysis of referrals to secondary care in Rio de Janeiro.

Objective: To measure the effect that residency training in family medicine (RTFM) has on continuity and coordination of care.

Design: Observational cohort study using electronic health records.

Setting: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, public primary care system.

Detection and follow-up of chronic health conditions in Rio de Janeiro - the impact of residency training in family medicine.

Background: There is a need for evidence that residency training in family medicine can benefit the care of patients in primary care in low- and middle-income countries. We tested the hypothesis that two years of residency training in family medicine enables doctors to better detect chronic health conditions while requesting fewer laboratory tests and providing more follow-up visits.

Methods: We performed a retrospective longitudinal observational analysis of medical consultations from 2013 to 2018 in primary care in Rio de Janeiro, comparing doctors without residency training in family medicine (Generalists) versus family physicians (FPs).

Impact of Integrated Care on the Rate of Hospitalization for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions among Older Adults in Stockholm County: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

Introduction: Reducing avoidable hospital admissions is often viewed as a possible positive consequence of introducing integrated care (IC). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of implementing IC in Norrtälje on the rate of admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC).

Method: Using interrupted time series analyses we investigated the effect of implementing IC in Norrtälje municipality in the northern part of Stockholm county, Sweden.

[Air pollution and the impacts on health in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil].

The impact of air pollution on hospitalizations for total respiratory diseases (DRT) among children under five (DRC), as well as for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients over 39 years of age, was examined in the municipalities of Belo Horizonte, Betim and Contagem, of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Generalized additive models using Poisson regression were used to adjust the daily time series of hospitalizations. Single and accumulated lagged pollutants of up to five days were introduced as independent variables and models were adjusted for temperature, humidity, weekdays and holidays.

Exposure to the use of firewood for cooking in Brazil and its relation with the health problems of the population.

Indoor air pollution is exacerbated by the burning of firewood in rustic stoves and poorly ventilated environments. Exposure to the pollutants emitted by this type of fuel results in increased morbidity and mortality. In Brazil, studies and estimates regarding these conditions are scarce.

Frailty is associated with myosteatosis in obese patients with colorectal cancer.

Background & Aims: We aimed to explore the determinants of muscle fat infiltration and to investigate whether myosteatosis, assessed as muscle fat infiltration percentage (%MFI) and muscle attenuation from computed tomography (CT), is associated with frailty in a group of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Cross sectional study including CRC patients. CT scan of the third lumbar vertebra was used to quantify body composition and the degree of %MFI (reported as percentage of fat within muscle area).

Impact evaluation of camera enforcement for traffic violations in Cali, Colombia, 2008-2014.

Introduction: Cameras for detecting traffic violations have been used as a measure to improve road safety in different countries around the world. In Cali, Colombia, fixed cameras were installed in March 2012 on a number of roads and intersections. All camera devices are capable of detecting simultaneously the following traffic violations: driving over the speed limit, running a red light or stop sign, violation of the traffic ban schedule, and blocking the pedestrian crosswalk.

Thirty-year trends in dementia: a nationwide population study of Swedish inpatient records.

Background: The continuous growth of the current dementia epidemic is contingent on the stability of age- and sex-specific trends over time. However, recent evidence suggests declining or stable trends. The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-world changes in the burden of dementia in older adults in Sweden from 1987 to 2016 by estimating age- and sex-specific incidence of dementia diagnosis in hospital inpatient records (dementia incidence).

Ethnic heterogeneity, social capital and psychological distress in Sweden.

Introduction: Ethnic heterogeneity has been linked to both protective and detrimental effects on mental health. Few studies have investigated the role of social capital in this relationship and none have found that it has an explanatory role. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between two measures of ethnic heterogeneity and psychological distress in Stockholm County, as well as the explanatory role of social capital for individuals with Swedish-background, foreign-background and those who are foreign-born.

Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Objective: The authors examined the prospective relationship between physical activity and incident depression and explored potential moderators.

Method: Prospective cohort studies evaluating incident depression were searched from database inception through Oct. 18, 2017, on PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and SPORTDiscus.

Effects of NO exposure on daily mortality in São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Recent reports have suggested that air pollution mixtures represented by nitrogen dioxide (NO) may have effects on human health, which are independent from those of particulate matter mass. We evaluate the association between NO and daily mortality among elderly using one- and multipollutant models.

Methods: This study was a daily time series of non-accidental and cause-specific mortality among the elderly living in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2000 and 2011.

Air Pollution and Deaths among Elderly Residents of São Paulo, Brazil: An Analysis of Mortality Displacement.

Background: Evaluation of short-term mortality displacement is essential to accurately estimate the impact of short-term air pollution exposure on public health.

Objectives: We quantified mortality displacement by estimating single-day lag effects and cumulative effects of air pollutants on mortality using distributed lag models.

Methods: We performed a daily time series of nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality among elderly residents of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2000 and 2011.

Does parity worsen diabetes-related chronic complications in women with type 1 diabetes?

Aim: To determine the relationship between parity, glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes-related chronic complications in women with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics in 20 cities from the 4 Brazilian geographic regions. Data were obtained from 1532 female patients, 59.

Cannabis, Psychosis, and Mortality: A Cohort Study of 50,373 Swedish Men.

Objective: The authors assessed 1) the overall risk of death among cannabis users compared with nonusers and the extent to which psychosis affects excess mortality; 2) mortality among persons with psychotic disorders and the extent to which cannabis use affects excess mortality; and 3) the interaction effect of cannabis use and diagnosis of psychotic disorders on mortality.

Method: This was a longitudinal study of 50,373 Swedish male military conscripts (ages 18-19) who were followed in the National Cause of Death Register up to around age 60. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to assess risk of death in relation to baseline cannabis use and diagnosis of psychotic disorders.

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics and Utilization of ADHD Medication in Schoolchildren: A Population Multilevel Study in Stockholm County.

To examine the effects of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and ethnic composition on the utilization of ADHD medication in schoolchildren after accounting for individual- and family-level characteristics. A cohort of all schoolchildren living in Stockholm County was prospectively followed for new prescriptions of ADHD medication ( = 276,955). Three-level logistic regression models were used with individual/family characteristics (e.

Air pollution and its impacts on health in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.

Objective: To analyze the impact of air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity of children and adults in the city of Vitoria, state of Espirito Santo.

Methods: A study was carried out using time-series models via Poisson regression from hospitalization and pollutant data in Vitoria, ES, Southeastern Brazil, from 2001 to 2006. Fine particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) were tested as independent variables in simple and cumulative lags of up to five days.